rospedРоссийский педиатрический журнал имени М.Я. СтуденикинаM.Ya. Studenikin Russian Pediatric JournalФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России10.46563/1560-9561-2024-27-5-367-372qgbpkprosped-1063Research ArticleОБЩЕСТВЕННОЕ ЗДОРОВЬЕ, ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ И СОЦИОЛОГИЯ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ, МЕДИКО-СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ЭКСПЕРТИЗАPUBLIC HEALTH, MANAGEMENT AND SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH CARE, MEDICAL AND SOCIAL EXAMINATIONПищевые предпочтения детей школьного возрастаFood preferences in schoolchildrenhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-6604-1497МиропольскаяКристина ЮрьевнаMiropolskayaKristina Yu.

Аспирант каф. экономики и маркетинга в здравоохранении Академии постдипломного образования ФГБУ «ФНКЦ специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий» ФМБА России

e-mail: miraimportant@gmail.com

Postgraduate student of the Department of economics and marketing in healthcare of the Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies

e-mail: miraimportant@gmail.com

miraimportant@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7438-7477КочубейАделина ВладимировнаKochubeyAdelina V.

Доктор. мед. наук, проф., проректор по научной работе Академии постдипломного образования ФГБУ «ФНКЦ специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий» ФМБА; проф. каф. организации здравоохранения и общественного здоровья, медицинского страхования и государственного контроля в сфере здравоохранения ФГБУ ДПО «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации

e-mail: kochoubeya@gmail.com

kochoubeya@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6051-5231ВершининаМарина ГермановнаVershininaMarina G.

Доктор мед. наук, проф., зав. каф. организации здравоохранения и общественного здоровья, медицинского страхования и государственного контроля в сфере здравоохранения ФГБУ ДПО «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации; гл. науч. сотр. ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России

e-mail: labckb@gmail.com

labckb@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8872-4585ЧерняховскийОлег БорисовичChernyakhovskyOleg B.

Доктор. мед. наук, проф. каф. экономики и маркетинга в здравоохранении Академии постдипломного образования ФГБУ «ФНКЦ специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий» ФМБА

e-mail: dom@medprofediu.ru

dom@medprofediu.ruАкадемия постдипломного образования ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий» Федерального медико-биологического агентстваAcademy of Postgraduate Education of the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical TechnologiesАкадемия постдипломного образования ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий» Федерального медико-биологического агентства; ФГБУ ДПО «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента Российской ФедерацииAcademy of Postgraduate Education of the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies; Central State Medical Academy of Department of Presidential AffairsФГБУ ДПО «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации; ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава РоссииCentral State Medical Academy of Department of Presidential Affairs; The National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health202414112024275367372Copyright © Миропольская К.Ю., Кочубей А.В., Вершинина М.Г., Черняховский О.Б., 20242024Миропольская К.Ю., Кочубей А.В., Вершинина М.Г., Черняховский О.Б.Miropolskaya K.Y., Kochubey A.V., Vershinina M.G., Chernyakhovsky O.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rosped.ru/jour/article/view/1063Введение

Введение. Продвижение здорового питания среди детей невозможно без понимания их пищевого поведения. Цель работы: определить пищевые предпочтения школьников.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Проведён очно-заочный опрос 112 школьников 6–17 лет, из них 72 (70,5%) мальчика, 81 (72,3%) москвич. Средний возраст опрошенных 12,23 ± 3,69 года (Ме = 13,0 лет), нет значимой разницы в возрасте детей разного пола, живущих в Москве и регионе. Анкета (α Кронбаха = 0,891) включала демографические данные и вопросы о пищевом поведении ребёнка. В программе SPSS проанализированы связи демографических признаков и пищевых предпочтений, а также пищевых предпочтений между собой посредством корреляционного анализа Спирмена, критериев U Манна–Уитни и Краскала–Уолисса, χ2, т. к. анализируемые переменные имели ненормальное распределение, р ≤ 0,001.

Результаты

Результаты. Каждый день едят овощи 11 (9,8%) детей, фрукты или ягоды — 14 (12,5%), завтракают — 18 (16,1%), едят сладкое — 87 (77,7%); часто отказываются от основного приёма пищи из-за сладкого — 62 (55,4%); у 81 (72,3%) из опрошенных в доме всегда есть сладкое; у 51 (45,5%) ребёнка любимое блюдо — фастфуд. В семьях, где всегда имеется сладкое, дети чаще отказываются от основного приёма пищи, от завтрака, употребляют сладкое, предпочитают фастфуд, но реже едят овощи, фрукты, полезные завтраки (р ≤ 0,001). Дети, каждый день употребляющие сладкое, реже едят фрукты (р ≤ 0,001). Влияния демографических характеристик на пищевые предпочтения не выявлено. Больший показатель (0,86) правильных пищевых привычек обнаружен лишь у 2 (1,8%) респондентов. Связи правильных пищевых привычек и возраста и пола не установлено. Критерий «правильных пищевых привычек» выше у школьников Москвы (р = 0,046), чем регионов.

Заключение

Заключение. Неправильные пищевые привычки детей обусловлены несоблюдением родителями базовых правил здорового питания, что делает актуальными инициативы по поддержанию здорового питания в семьях.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Миропольская К.Ю. — сбор и обработка материала, анализ данных, написание текста; Кочубей А.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, анализ данных, редактирование; Вершинина М.Г. — анализ данных, редактирование; Черняховский О.Б. — анализ данных, написание текста. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Поступила 24

Поступила 24.09.2024Принята к печати 08.10.2024Опубликована 12.11.2024

Introduction

Introduction. Understanding children’s eating behaviour is crucial for promoting healthy nutrition. Objective. To assess the food preferences in schoolchildren.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. A mixed-mode survey was conducted in one hundred twelve 6 to 17 years schoolchildren, including 72 (70.5%) boys and 81 (72.3%) girl from Moscow. The average age was 12.23 ± 3.69 years (median = 13.0 years), with no significant age differences between genders (p = 0.855) or between Moscow and other regions (p = 0.690). The survey (α Cronbach = 0.891) included demographic and eating behaviour questions. Data were analyzed with SPSS using Spearman’s rank correlation, Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and χ2 test, given the non-normal distribution of variables (p ≤ 0.001).

Results

Results. Daily, 11 (9.8%) of the respondents eat vegetables, 14 (12.5%) eat fruits or berries, 18 (16.1%) have breakfast, and 87 (77.7%) consume sweets. Additionally, 62 (55.4%) often skip main meals due to sweets; 81 (72.3%) always have sweets at home; and 51 (45.5%) favour of fast food. Children in families where sweets are always available are more likely to skip main meals and breakfast, consume sweets, and prefer fast food, but eat vegetables, fruits, and healthy breakfasts less frequently (p ≤ 0.001). Daily sweet consumption is linked to lower fruit intake (p ≤ 0.001). Demographic characteristics did not impact food preferences (0.068 ≤ p ≤ 0.946). The highest index of correct eating habits, equal to 0.86, was in 2 (1.8%) children. There is no relationship between the number of correct eating habits and age (p = 0.379) and gender (p = 0.172). The criterion of “correct eating habits” is (p = 0.046) higher in Moscow schoolchildren than in children from the regions.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Unhealthy food preferences in children reflect parents’ non-compliance with healthy eating recommendations, which underscores the need for family initiatives in the field of healthy nutrition.

Contribution

Contribution: Miropolskaya K.Yu. — collection and processing of material, data analysis, writing the text; Kochubey A.V. — concept and design of the study, data analysis, editing the text; Vershinina M.G. — analysis of data obtained, editing the text; Chernyakhovsky O.B. — data analysis, writing the text. All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Acknowledgment

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received

Received: September 24, 2024Accepted: October 08, 2024Published: November 12, 2024

пищевое поведениедетипищевые привычкиправильное питание детейchildren’s eating behaviourchildrenfood habitshealthy diet in childrenReferencesLudwig D.S. Epidemic childhood obesity: not yet the end of the beginning. Pediatrics. 2018; 141(3): e20174078. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-4078Ludwig D.S. Epidemic childhood obesity: not yet the end of the beginning. Pediatrics. 2018; 141(3): e20174078. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-4078Quattlebaum M., Wilson D.K., Sweeney A.M., Zarrett N. Moderating effects of parental feeding practices and emotional eating on dietary intake among overweight African American adolescents. Nutrients. 2021; 13(6): 1920. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061920Quattlebaum M., Wilson D.K., Sweeney A.M., Zarrett N. Moderating effects of parental feeding practices and emotional eating on dietary intake among overweight African American adolescents. Nutrients. 2021; 13(6): 1920. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061920Ануфриева Е.В., Неупокоева Л.Ю., Ковтун О.П. Тенденции распространенности ожирения у детей и подростков в Свердловской области. Российский педиатрический журнал. 2020; 1(2): 5–9. https://doi.org/10.15690/rpj.v1i2.2087 https://elibrary.ru/ncgqlzAnufrieva E.V., Neupokoeva L.Yu., Kovtun O.P. Trends in the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents in the Sverdlovsk region. Rossiyskiy pediatricheskiy zhurnal. 2020; 1(2): 5–9. https://doi.org/10.15690/rpj.v1i2.2087 https://elibrary.ru/ncgqlz (in Russian)United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition. Nutrition, for every child: UNICEF Nutrition Strategy 2020–2030. Available at: https://unscn.org/en/resource-center?idnews=2150United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition. Nutrition, for every child: UNICEF Nutrition Strategy 2020–2030. Available at: https://unscn.org/en/resource-center?idnews=2150Guzek D., Głąbska D., Groele B., Gutkowska K. Role of fruit and vegetables for the mental health of children: a systematic review. Rocz. Panstw. Zakl. Hig. 2020; 71(1): 5–13. https://doi.org/10.32394/rpzh.2019.0096Guzek D., Głąbska D., Groele B., Gutkowska K. Role of fruit and vegetables for the mental health of children: a systematic review. Rocz. Panstw. Zakl. Hig. 2020; 71(1): 5–13. https://doi.org/10.32394/rpzh.2019.0096Diethelm K., Jankovic N., Moreno L.A., Huybrechts I., De Henauw S., De Vriendt T., et al. Food intake of European adolescents in the light of different food-based dietary guidelines: results of the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by nutrition in adolescence) study. Public Health Nutr. 2012; 15(3): 386–98. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980011001935Diethelm K., Jankovic N., Moreno L.A., Huybrechts I., De Henauw S., De Vriendt T., et al. Food intake of European adolescents in the light of different food-based dietary guidelines: results of the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by nutrition in adolescence) study. Public Health Nutr. 2012; 15(3): 386–98. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980011001935Zupanič N., Miklavec K., Kušar A., Žmitek K., Fidler Mis N., Pravst I. Total and free sugar content of pre-packaged foods and non-alcoholic beverages in Slovenia. Nutrients. 2018; 10(2): 151. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10020151Zupanič N., Miklavec K., Kušar A., Žmitek K., Fidler Mis N., Pravst I. Total and free sugar content of pre-packaged foods and non-alcoholic beverages in Slovenia. Nutrients. 2018; 10(2): 151. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10020151Yee A.Z., Lwin M.O., Ho S.S. The influence of parental practices on child promotive and preventive food consumption behaviors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2017; 14(1): 47. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0501-3Yee A.Z., Lwin M.O., Ho S.S. The influence of parental practices on child promotive and preventive food consumption behaviors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2017; 14(1): 47. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0501-3Della Corte K., Fife J., Gardner A. World trends in sugar-sweetened beverage and dietary sugar intakes in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Nutr. Rev. 2021; 79(3): 274–88. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaa070Della Corte K., Fife J., Gardner A. World trends in sugar-sweetened beverage and dietary sugar intakes in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Nutr. Rev. 2021; 79(3): 274–88. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaa070Koivuniemi E., Gustafsson J., Mäkelä I. Parental and child factors associated with 2- to 6-year-old children’s diet quality in Finland. J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. 2022; 122(1): 129–38.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2021.06.014Koivuniemi E., Gustafsson J., Mäkelä I. Parental and child factors associated with 2- to 6-year-old children’s diet quality in Finland. J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. 2022; 122(1): 129–38.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2021.06.014Thomson J.L., Tussing-Humphreys L.M., Goodman M.H., Landry A.S. Diet quality in a nationally representative sample of American children by sociodemographic characteristics. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2019; 109(1): 127–38. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy284Thomson J.L., Tussing-Humphreys L.M., Goodman M.H., Landry A.S. Diet quality in a nationally representative sample of American children by sociodemographic characteristics. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2019; 109(1): 127–38. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy284Tovar A., Risica P.M., Ramirez A. Exploring the provider-level socio-demographic determinants of diet quality of preschool-aged children attending family childcare homes. Nutrients. 2020; 12(5): 1368. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051368Tovar A., Risica P.M., Ramirez A. Exploring the provider-level socio-demographic determinants of diet quality of preschool-aged children attending family childcare homes. Nutrients. 2020; 12(5): 1368. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051368Collins L.J., Lacy K.E., Campbell K.J., McNaughton S.A. The predictors of diet quality among Australian children aged 3.5 years. J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. 2016; 116(7): 1114–26.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2015.12.014Collins L.J., Lacy K.E., Campbell K.J., McNaughton S.A. The predictors of diet quality among Australian children aged 3.5 years. J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. 2016; 116(7): 1114–26.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2015.12.014Ardakani A., Monroe-Lord L., Wakefield D., Castor C. Enhancing dietary adherence among African-American adolescents: the role of parenting styles and food-related practices. Front. Nutr. 2024; 11: 1254338. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1254338Ardakani A., Monroe-Lord L., Wakefield D., Castor C. Enhancing dietary adherence among African-American adolescents: the role of parenting styles and food-related practices. Front. Nutr. 2024; 11: 1254338. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1254338Movassagh E.Z., Baxter-Jones A.D.G., Kontulainen S., Whiting S.J., Vatanparast H. Tracking dietary patterns over 20 Years from childhood through adolescence into young adulthood: the Saskatchewan pediatric bone mineral accrual study. Nutrients. 2017; 9(9): 990. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9090990Movassagh E.Z., Baxter-Jones A.D.G., Kontulainen S., Whiting S.J., Vatanparast H. Tracking dietary patterns over 20 Years from childhood through adolescence into young adulthood: the Saskatchewan pediatric bone mineral accrual study. Nutrients. 2017; 9(9): 990. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9090990Наркевич А.Н., Виноградов К.А. Методы определения минимально необходимого объема выборки в медицинских исследованиях. Социальные аспекты здоровья населения. 2019; 65(6): 10. https://doi.org/10.21045/2071-5021-2019-65-6-10 https://elibrary.ru/mrapstNarkevich A.N., Vinogradov K.A. Methods for determining the minimum required sample size in medical research. Sotsial’nye aspekty zdorov’ya naseleniya. 2019; 65(6): 10. https://doi.org/10.21045/2071-5021-2019-65-6-10 https://elibrary.ru/mrapst (in Russian)Park D., Choi M.K., Park Y.K., Park C.Y., Shin M.J. Higher food literacy scores are associated with healthier diet quality in children and adolescents: the development and validation of a two-dimensional food literacy measurement tool for children and adolescents. Nutr. Res. Pract. 2022; 16(2): 272–83. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2022.16.2.272Park D., Choi M.K., Park Y.K., Park C.Y., Shin M.J. Higher food literacy scores are associated with healthier diet quality in children and adolescents: the development and validation of a two-dimensional food literacy measurement tool for children and adolescents. Nutr. Res. Pract. 2022; 16(2): 272–83. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2022.16.2.272Gréa Krause C., Beer-Borst S., Sommerhalder K., Hayoz S., Abel T. A short food literacy questionnaire (SFLQ) for adults: Findings from a Swiss validation study. Appetite. 2018; 120: 275–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.08.039Gréa Krause C., Beer-Borst S., Sommerhalder K., Hayoz S., Abel T. A short food literacy questionnaire (SFLQ) for adults: Findings from a Swiss validation study. Appetite. 2018; 120: 275–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.08.039Samruayruen K., Kitreerawutiwong N. Exploration of the definition and components of food and nutrition literacy among junior secondary school students: a qualitative study. BMC Nutr. 2022; 8(1): 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-022-00519-6Samruayruen K., Kitreerawutiwong N. Exploration of the definition and components of food and nutrition literacy among junior secondary school students: a qualitative study. BMC Nutr. 2022; 8(1): 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-022-00519-6Koning M., Vink J., Notten N., Gevers D., Eisinga R., Larsen J. Development and preliminary validation of the Adolescent Food Parenting Questionnaire: parent and adolescent version. Appetite. 2021; 167: 105618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105618Koning M., Vink J., Notten N., Gevers D., Eisinga R., Larsen J. Development and preliminary validation of the Adolescent Food Parenting Questionnaire: parent and adolescent version. Appetite. 2021; 167: 105618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105618Quah P.L., Cheung Y.B., Pang W.W. Validation of the children’s eating behavior questionnaire in 3 year old children of a multi-ethnic Asian population: The GUSTO cohort study. Appetite. 2017; 113: 100–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.02.024Quah P.L., Cheung Y.B., Pang W.W. Validation of the children’s eating behavior questionnaire in 3 year old children of a multi-ethnic Asian population: The GUSTO cohort study. Appetite. 2017; 113: 100–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.02.024Beltran A., O’Connor T.M., Hughes S.O. Parents’ qualitative perspectives on child asking for fruit and vegetables. Nutrients. 2017; 9(6): 575. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9060575Beltran A., O’Connor T.M., Hughes S.O. Parents’ qualitative perspectives on child asking for fruit and vegetables. Nutrients. 2017; 9(6): 575. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9060575Mengi Çelik Ö., Karacil Ermumcu M.S., Ozyildirim C. Turkish version of the ‘food and nutrition literacy questionnaire for Chinese school-age children’ for school-age adolescents: a validity and reliability study. BMC Public Health. 2023; 23(1): 1807. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16732-2Mengi Çelik Ö., Karacil Ermumcu M.S., Ozyildirim C. Turkish version of the ‘food and nutrition literacy questionnaire for Chinese school-age children’ for school-age adolescents: a validity and reliability study. BMC Public Health. 2023; 23(1): 1807. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16732-2Liu T., Su X., Li N., Sun J., Ma G., Zhu W. Development and validation of a food and nutrition literacy questionnaire for Chinese school-age children. PLoS One. 2021; 16(1): e0244197. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244197Liu T., Su X., Li N., Sun J., Ma G., Zhu W. Development and validation of a food and nutrition literacy questionnaire for Chinese school-age children. PLoS One. 2021; 16(1): e0244197. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244197Doustmohammadian A., Omidvar N., Keshavarz-Mohammadi N., Abdollahi M., Amini M., Eini-Zinab H. Developing and validating a scale to measure Food and Nutrition Literacy (FNLIT) in elementary school children in Iran. PLoS One. 2017; 12(6): e0179196. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179196Doustmohammadian A., Omidvar N., Keshavarz-Mohammadi N., Abdollahi M., Amini M., Eini-Zinab H. Developing and validating a scale to measure Food and Nutrition Literacy (FNLIT) in elementary school children in Iran. PLoS One. 2017; 12(6): e0179196. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179196Mahmood L., Flores-Barrantes P., Moreno LA, Manios Y., Gonzalez-Gil E.M. The influence of parental dietary behaviors and practices on children’s eating habits. Nutrients. 2021; 13(4): 1138. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041138Mahmood L., Flores-Barrantes P., Moreno LA, Manios Y., Gonzalez-Gil E.M. The influence of parental dietary behaviors and practices on children’s eating habits. Nutrients. 2021; 13(4): 1138. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041138Birch L.L., Davison K.K. Family environmental factors influencing the developing behavioral controls of food intake and childhood overweight. Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 2001; 48(4): 893–907. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70347-3Birch L.L., Davison K.K. Family environmental factors influencing the developing behavioral controls of food intake and childhood overweight. Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 2001; 48(4): 893–907. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70347-3Saltzman J.A., Pineros-Leano M., Liechty J.M., Bost K.K., Fiese B.H. STRONG Kids Team. Eating, feeding, and feeling: emotional responsiveness mediates longitudinal associations between maternal binge eating, feeding practices, and child weight. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2016; 13: 89. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-016-0415-5Saltzman J.A., Pineros-Leano M., Liechty J.M., Bost K.K., Fiese B.H. STRONG Kids Team. Eating, feeding, and feeling: emotional responsiveness mediates longitudinal associations between maternal binge eating, feeding practices, and child weight. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2016; 13: 89. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-016-0415-5Dewi N.U., Khomsan A., Dwiriani C.M. Factors associated with diet quality among adolescents in a post-disaster area: a cross-sectional study in Indonesia. Nutrients. 2023; 15(5): 1101. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051101Dewi N.U., Khomsan A., Dwiriani C.M. Factors associated with diet quality among adolescents in a post-disaster area: a cross-sectional study in Indonesia. Nutrients. 2023; 15(5): 1101. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051101Pellegrino A., Bacci S., Guido F., Zoppi A., Toncelli L., Stefani L., et al. Interaction between geographical areas and family environment of dietary habits, physical activity, nutritional knowledge and obesity of adolescents. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2023; 20(2): 1157. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021157Pellegrino A., Bacci S., Guido F., Zoppi A., Toncelli L., Stefani L., et al. Interaction between geographical areas and family environment of dietary habits, physical activity, nutritional knowledge and obesity of adolescents. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2023; 20(2): 1157. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021157

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.