rospedРоссийский педиатрический журнал имени М.Я. СтуденикинаM.Ya. Studenikin Russian Pediatric JournalФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России10.46563/1560-9561-2024-27-6-441-445ndqyterosped-1190Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSЦентральные гиперсомнии у детейCentral hypersomnias in childrenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7900-5394ЛебедевВладислав ВитальевичLebedevVladislav V.

Врач функциональной диагностики отделения инструментальной диагностики; ассистент каф. педиатрии и общественного здоровья ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России

e-mail: vladlv89@mail.ru

Physician of functional diagnostics, department of instrumental diagnostics, assistant, department of pediatrics and public health, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, 119991

e-mail: vladlv89@mail.ru

vladlv89@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8562-6851КожевниковаОльга ВикторовнаKozhevnikovaOlga V.

Доктор мед. наук, зав. отделением инструментальной диагностики ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России, врач функциональной диагностики, гл. науч. сотр. лаб. лучевой и инструментальной диагностики ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России

e-mail: olgafd2010@mail.ru

olgafd2010@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3270-6588ГазарянАндрей АшотовичGazaryanAndrey A.

Врач функциональной диагностики отделения инструментальной диагностики ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Мин­здрава России

e-mail: wii36@yandex.ru

wii36@yandex.ruФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава РоссииNational Medical Research Center for Children’s Health202424122024276441445Copyright © Лебедев В.В., Кожевникова О.В., Газарян А.А., 20242024Лебедев В.В., Кожевникова О.В., Газарян А.А.Lebedev V.V., Kozhevnikova O.V., Gazaryan A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rosped.ru/jour/article/view/1190

Повышенная дневная сонливость (ДС) — важный симптом нарушенного ночного сна, которым нельзя пренебрегать. Гиперсомния снижает качество жизни, осложняет социализацию, может провоцировать бессонницу, импульсивное поведение и даже депрессию или суицидальные наклонности. Причинами повышенной ДС могут быть несоблюдение гигиены сна, нарушения ночного сна (синдром обструктивного апноэ сна и др.). Если эти состояния исключены, нужно обратить внимание на редкие формы патологии сна, входящие в группу центральных гиперсомний.

Цель обзора

Цель обзора: определить распространённость, патогенез, клинику, диагностику и лечение гиперсомний у детей.

Среди центральных гиперсомний чаще остальных в популяции встречается нарколепсия. Идиопатическая гиперсомния и синдром Клейне–Левина — более редкие формы патологии. Патогенез центральных гиперсомний изучен недостаточно, ключевое значение имеют нарушения иммунной системы, однако могут быть и другие причины. Ведущим клиническим проявлением является ДС, ухудшающая качество жизни ребёнка. В диагностике гиперсомний ключевое значение имеют полисомнография и множественный тест латентности ко сну, в некоторых случаях должны применяться другие методы диагностики (магнитно-резонансная томография).

Заключение

Заключение. Фармакотерапия облегчает состояние больных детей, однако не полностью устраняет симптомы. Разрабатываются новые лекарственные препараты. Лечение гиперсомний должно быть комплексным, не ограничиваться только медикаментозной терапией.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Кожевникова О.В., Лебедев В.В. — концепция и дизайн обзора; Лебедев В.В., Газарян А.А. — сбор и обработка материала, написание текста; Кожевникова О.В. — редактирование. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Поступила 16

Поступила 16.10.2024Принята к печати 06.12.2024Опубликована 25.12.2024

Increased daytime sleepiness is an important symptom of disturbed night sleep, which should not be neglected. Hypersomnia reduces the quality of life, complicates socialization, can provoke insomnia, impulsive behaviour, and even depression or suicidal tendencies. The causes of increased daytime sleepiness may be non-compliance with sleep hygiene, nighttime sleep disorders (obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, etc.). If these conditions are excluded, you need to pay attention to rare forms of sleep pathology included in the group of central hypersomnia.

Aim of the review

Aim of the review: to determine the prevalence, pathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis, and treatment of hypersomnia in children.

Among the central hypersomnia, narcolepsy is more common than the rest in the population. Idiopathic hypersomnia and Kleine-Levin syndrome are more rare forms of pathology. The pathogenesis of central hypersomnia has not yet been sufficiently studied, disorders of the immune system are of key importance, but there may be other causes. The leading clinical manifestation is daytime sleepiness, which worsens the child’s quality of life. In the diagnosis of hypersomnia, polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test (MTLS) are of key importance, in some cases other diagnostic methods (MRI) should be used. Pharmacotherapy relieves the condition in sick children, but does not completely eliminate the symptoms. New medicines are being developed. Treatment of hypertension should be comprehensive, not limited to drug therapy.

Contribution

Contribution: Kozhevnikova O.V., Lebedev V.V. — concept and design of the review; Lebedev V.V., Gazaryan A.A. — collection and processing of material, writing the text; Kozhevnikova O.V. — editing the text. All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Acknowledgment

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received

Received: October 16, 2024Accepted: December 06, 2024Published: December 25, 2024

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.