rospedРоссийский педиатрический журнал имени М.Я. СтуденикинаM.Ya. Studenikin Russian Pediatric JournalФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России10.46563/1560-9561-2025-28-1-67-73hlaahyrosped-1245Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSКомплексный подход к профилактике и лечению детского ожиренияAn integrated approach to the prevention and treatment of childhood obesityhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8586-7946ФисенкоАндрей ПетровичFisenkoAndrey P.

Доктор мед. наук, проф., директор ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России

e-mail: director@nczd.ru

director@nczd.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3056-403XМакароваСветлана ГеннадиевнаMakarovaSvetlana G.

Доктор мед. наук, заместитель директора по научной работе, и.о. начальника центра профилактической педиатрии ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России

e-mail: sm27@yandex.ru

sm27@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1413-1549ДубовицкаяТатьяна АлексеевнаDubovitskayaTatiyana A.

Канд. мед. наук, науч. сотр., лаб. клинической иммунологии и нутрициологии ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России

e-mail: grebennikova@hotmail.com

grebennikova@hotmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-5297-9968ЛебедеваАйина МихайловнаLebedevaAyina M.

Лаборант, лаб. клинической иммунологии и нутрициологии ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России; лаборант-исследователь ФГБУН «Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи

e-mail: lam_95@mail.ru

Laboratory assistant at the laboratory of clinical immunology and nutrition of the National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health; research assistant at the Federal Research Center for nutrition, biotechnology, and food safety

e-mail: lam_95@mail.ru

lam_95@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3306-6869ПронинаИрина ЮрьевнаProninaIrina Yu.

Канд. мед. наук, врач — детский эндокринолог консультативного отделения ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России

e-mail: krapchatovaiv@yandex.ru

krapchatovaiv@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6658-0624ГордееваИрина ГригорьевнаGordeevaIrina G.

Канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр., лаб. клинической иммунологии и нутрициологии ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России

e-mail: irifeen@yandex.ru

irifeen@yandex.ruФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава РоссииNational Medical Research Center for Children’s HealthФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии» Минздрава РоссииNational Medical Research Center of EndocrinologyФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России; ФГБУН «Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи»National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health; Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety2025030320252816773Copyright © Фисенко А.П., Макарова С.Г., Дубовицкая Т.А., Лебедева А.М., Пронина И.Ю., Гордеева И.Г., 20252025Фисенко А.П., Макарова С.Г., Дубовицкая Т.А., Лебедева А.М., Пронина И.Ю., Гордеева И.Г.Fisenko A.P., Makarova S.G., Dubovitskaya T.A., Lebedeva A.M., Pronina I.Y., Gordeeva I.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rosped.ru/jour/article/view/1245

За последние полвека наблюдается неуклонный рост новых случаев детского ожирения, который достиг масштабов неинфекционной эпидемии, особенно в развитых странах. Во всём мире обсуждаются причины такой динамики. В связи с развитием коморбидной патологии, приводящей к инвалидизации и росту случаев преждевременной смерти, перед медицинским сообществом возникает множество задач по профилактике, ранней диагностике и лечению ожирения.

Цель обзора

Цель обзора: определить научно обоснованные подходы к профилактике и лечению ожирения у детей.

Осуществлён поиск литературы в базах данных PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google, eLIBRARY.RU, глубина поиска — 10 лет. Избыточная масса тела и ожирение регистрируются в 25,3% случаев, чаще у детей в возрасте 8–19 лет. Меры по борьбе с избыточным весом и ожирением у детей разрабатываются с учётом генетических, биологических, психологических, поведенческих, межличностных факторов, а также влияния окружающей среды. Описаны концептуальные модели, объясняющие механизмы формирования избыточной массы тела и ожирения у детей, которые учитываются при составлении рекомендаций по внедрению здоровых привычек и правильного образа жизни: биопсихосоциальная, каскадная модели, теория экологических систем, модель «6 С». Эти модели могут быть использованы для разработки эффективных персонализированных программ профилактики набора избыточного веса. Для борьбы с эпидемией детского ожирения необходимо применять комплексный подход, включающий профилактику, раннюю диагностику и лечение, а также внедрение программ, направленных на изменение образа жизни детей и их семей. Уменьшение заболеваемости и предотвращение инвалидности требуют действий на всех уровнях: от семей до государственных программ здравоохранения.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Фисенко А.П., Макарова С.Г. — концепция и дизайн исследования; Дубовицкая Т.А., Пронина И.Ю., Лебедева А.М., Гордеева И.Г. — сбор и обработка материала; Макарова С.Г. — написание текста; Фисенко А.П. — редактирование. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Поступила 15

Поступила 15.01.2025Принята к печати 30.01.2025Опубликована 28.02.2025

Over the past half century, there has been a steady gain in new cases of childhood obesity, which has reached the scale of a non-communicable epidemic, especially in developed countries. All reasons for this trend are being discussed over the world. Due to the development of comorbid pathology leading to disability, and increase in premature death rate, the medical community faces many challenges in the prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of obesity.

The aim of the review is to identify evidence-based approaches to the prevention and treatment of obesity in children.

Literature was searched in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google, RSCI, search depth of 10 years. Overweight and obesity are registered in 25.3% of cases, more often in  8 to 19 years children. To combat overweight and obesity in children measures are developed taking into account genetic, biological, psychological, behavioral, interpersonal factors, as well as environmental influences. There are described conceptual models explaining the mechanisms of overweight and obesity formation in children, which are taken into account when making recommendations for the introduction of healthy habits and a healthy lifestyle: biopsychosocial, theory of ecological systems, the “6 C” model, cascade. These models can be used to develop effective personalized programs for for weight gain prevention.

Conclusion

Conclusion. To combat the epidemic of childhood obesity, it is necessary to apply an integrated approach, including prevention, early diagnosis and treatment, as well as the introduction of programs aimed at changing the lifestyle in children and their families. Reducing morbidity and preventing disability requires action at all levels, from families to government health programs.

Contribution

Contribution: Fisenko A.P., Makarova S.G. — research concept and design of the study; Dubovitskaya T.A., Pronina I.Yu., Lebedeva A.M., Gordeeva I.G. — collection and processing of material; Makarova S.G. — writing the text; Fisenko A.P. — editing the text. All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Acknowledgment

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received

Received: January 15, 2025Accepted: January 30, 2025Published: February 28, 2025

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.