rospedРоссийский педиатрический журнал имени М.Я. СтуденикинаM.Ya. Studenikin Russian Pediatric JournalФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России10.46563/1560-9561-2025-28-1-74-78knrtporosped-1246Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSДостижения и перспективы в профилактике пищевой аллергииAchievements and prospects in the prevention of food allergieshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7640-0754ЛарьковаИнна АнатольевнаLarkovaInna A.

Канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. ФГБУН «Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи»; ст. науч. сотр. лаб. иммунологии и нутрициологии Центра профилактической педиатрии ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России

e-mail: inna_larkova@mail.ru

MD, PhD., senior researcher, Allergy department, Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology, and Food Safety, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation; senior researcher, lab. of immunology and nutrition of the Center for Preventive Pediatrics National Medical Research Centre for Children’s Health, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

e-mail: inna_larkova@mail.ru

inna_larkova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1149-7927РевякинаВера АфанасьевнаRevyakinaVera A.

Доктор мед. наук, проф., ФГБУН «ФИЦ питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи», доктор мед. наук, зав. отделением аллергологии ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России

e-mail: 5356797@mail.ru

5356797@mail.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи; ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава РоссииFederal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology, and Food Safety; National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health2025030320252817478Copyright © Ларькова И.А., Ревякина В.А., 20252025Ларькова И.А., Ревякина В.А.Larkova I.A., Revyakina V.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rosped.ru/jour/article/view/1246

Заболеваемость пищевой аллергией (ПА) выросла во всём мире, и это определило необходимость изменить подходы к её первичной профилактике, которые длительное время опирались на элиминационные стратегии в рационе не только детей, но и беременных и кормящих женщин.

Цель обзора

Цель обзора: определить преимущества раннего введения высокоаллергенных продуктов в качестве прикорма для профилактики ПА.

Осуществлён поиск литературы в базах данных PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google. Для детей с высоким риском развития ПА имеются доказательства пользы раннего введения аллергенных продуктов, в частности арахиса и яиц. Считается, что в таких случаях не только не следует откладывать приём этих продуктов, но необходимо вводить их примерно в возрасте 4–6 мес, чтобы свести к минимуму риск развития ПА. Все современные руководства рекомендуют данный подход вне зависимости от риска развития ПА. Учитывая тенденции к раннему введению аллергенных продуктов в качестве профилактики ПА, можно утверждать, что осуществился значимый переход от стратегии элиминации к стратегии формирования толерантности к пищевым аллергенам.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Ларькова И.А. — концепция и дизайн обзора, сбор и обработка материала, написание текста; Ревякина В.А. — научное редактирование. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФГБУН «ФИЦ питания и биотехнологии» № FGMF-2023-0008 «Разработка медицинских технологий диагностики и коррекции недостаточности питания у больных с неинфекционными заболеваниями».

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Поступила 16

Поступила 16.01.2025Принята к печати 30.01.2025Опубликована 28.02.2025

The review presents achievements and prospects in the prevention of food allergies (FA). The incidence of FA has increased worldwide, and this has determined the need to change approaches to the primary prevention of FA, which for a long time relied on elimination strategies in the diet of not only children, but also pregnant and lactating women.

The aim of the review is to determine the advantages of early introduction of highly allergenic foods as complementary foods for FA prevention.

Literature was searched in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google. For children at high risk of developing FA, there is convincing evidence of the benefits of early administration of allergenic foods, in particular peanuts and eggs. It is believed that in such cases, not only should these products not be delayed, but they should be administered around the age of 4–6 months to minimize the risk of developing FA. All current guidelines recommend this approach regardless of the risk of developing FA.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Taking into account the trends towards the early introduction of allergenic products as a prevention of FA, it can be argued that a significant transition has been made from an elimination strategy to a strategy for the formation of tolerance to food allergens.

Contribution

Contribution: Larkova I.A. — research concept and design of the study, collection and processing of the material, writing the text; Revyakina V.A. — science editing the text. All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Acknowledgment

Acknowledgment. This work was carried out within the framework of the implementation of the topic of the state assignment of the Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology No. FGMF-2023-0008 «Development of medical technologies for the diagnosis and correction of malnutrition in patients with non-infection diseases».

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received

Received: January 16, 2025Accepted: January 30, 2025Published: February 28, 2025

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.