rospedРоссийский педиатрический журнал имени М.Я. СтуденикинаM.Ya. Studenikin Russian Pediatric Journal3033-90063033-9014ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России10.46563/1560-9561-2025-28-2-134-140euhsfsrosped-1453Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSАльбумин человека и его модификации в медицине неотложных состоянийHuman albumin and its modifications in emergency medicinehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5046-0377СорокинаЕлена ГеннадьевнаSorokinaElena G.

Канд. биол. наук, вед. специалист методического отдела, ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России

e-mail: sorokelena@mail.ru

PhD, leading researcher, Methodical department of the National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation

e-mail: sorokelena@mail.ru

sorokelena@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8433-7783РеутовВалентин ПалладиевичReutovValentin P.

Доктор биол. наук, вед. науч. сотр., ФГБУН «Институт высшей нервной деятельности и нейрофизиологии РАН»

e-mail: valentinreutov@mail.r

valentinreutov@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9418-4418КарасёваОльга ВитальевнаKarasevaOlga V.

Доктор мед. наук, руководитель отдела сочетанной травмы, анестезиологии-реанимации ГБУЗ «НИИ неотложной детской хирургии и травматологии» ДЗМ

e-mail: karaseva.o@list.ru

karaseva.o@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2018-050XСемёноваЖанна БорисовнаSemenovaZhanna B.

Доктор мед. наук, проф., рук. отделения нейротравмы, ГБУЗ «НИИ неотложной детской хирургии и травматологии» ДЗМ

e-mail: jseman@mail.ru

jseman@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4679-0533СмирновИван ЕвгеньевичSmirnovIvan E.

Доктор мед. наук, проф., нач. методического отдела ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России

e-mail: smirnov@nczd.ru

smirnov@nczd.ruФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава РоссииРоссияNational Medical Research Center for Children’s Health of the Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian FederationФГБУН «Институт высшей нервной деятельности и нейрофизиологии РАН»РоссияInstitute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationГБУЗ «НИИ неотложной детской хирургии и травматологии» Департамента здравоохранения г. МосквыРоссияResearch Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and TraumatologyRussian Federation202530042025282134140Copyright © Сорокина Е.Г., Реутов В.П., Карасёва О.В., Семёнова Ж.Б., Смирнов И.Е., 20252025Сорокина Е.Г., Реутов В.П., Карасёва О.В., Семёнова Ж.Б., Смирнов И.Е.Sorokina E.G., Reutov V.P., Karaseva O.V., Semenova Z.B., Smirnov I.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rosped.ru/jour/article/view/1453Актуальность

Актуальность. Альбумин человека (АЧ) составляет 60% белков плазмы крови и является важным компонентом внеклеточных жидкостей, включая лимфу, интерстициальную и спинномозговую жидкость. Этот белок обладает многофункциональными свойствами: поддерживает онкотическое давление крови, осуществляет регуляцию иммунной системы, стабилизирует эндотелий и влияет на ключевые патофизиологические механизмы. Цель обзора: определить особенности строения, свойства и методы использования АЧ в медицине острых состояний с преимущественным акцентом на повреждения мозга гипоксически-травматического генеза. Осуществлён поиск литературы в базах данных PubMed, Google Academic, Web of Science, РИНЦ по ключевым словам: альбумин человеческий, критические состояния, гипоксия мозга, активные формы кислорода и азота; глубина поиска 10 лет. Представлен анализ данных о строении и модификациях АЧ при гипоксии/ишемии в условиях повышенного образования активных форм кислорода (АФК) и азота (АФА). Рассматривается информативность модификаций АЧ («ишемией модифицированный альбумин» и альбумин, окисленный АФА по остаткам тирозина) в диагностике и прогнозе различных заболеваний. Одним из ограничений использования АЧ в медицине критических состояний является недостаточная изученность механизмов действия АЧ и модификаций эндогенного и экзогенного (вводимого) АЧ при инфузионной терапии. В восстановленном состоянии АЧ обладает антиоксидантной активностью и может нейтрализовать действие АФК и АФА, образующихся при гипоксии. Однако в условиях гипоксии/ишемии и оксидативного/нитрозативного стресса АЧ подвержен окислению и модификациям, что ведёт к потере его протекторных свойств.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов: Сорокина Е.Г., Реутов В.П. — концепция и дизайн работы; Сорокина Е.Г., Карасёва О.В., Семёнова Ж.Б. — подбор литературы; Сорокина Е.Г., Реутов В.П. — написание текста; Смирнов И.Е. — редактирование. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Поступила 20

Поступила 20.12.2024Принята к печати 18.03.2025Опубликована 29.04.2025

Relevance

Relevance. Human albumin (HA) accounts for 60% of all plasma proteins and is an important component of extracellular fluids, including lymph, interstitial and cerebrospinal fluid. This protein has multifunctional properties — it supports oncotic blood pressure, regulates the immune system, stabilizes the endothelium and affects key pathophysiological mechanisms. The aim of the review is to determine the features of the structure, properties and use of HA in acute medicine with a primary focus on brain damage of hypoxic-traumatic origin. Literature was searched in the databases PubMed, Google Academic, Web of Science, RSCI by keywords: human albumin, critical conditions, brain hypoxia, reactive oxygen species and nitrogen, search depth of 10 years. An analysis of data on the structure and modifications of HA in hypoxia/ischemia under conditions of increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) is presented. The informative value of HA modifications (“ischemia–modified albumin” — IMA and albumin oxidized by RNS from tyrosine — 3-nitrotyrosine — 3-HT residues) in the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases is considered. One of the limitations of the use of HA in critical condition medicine is the lack of knowledge of the mechanisms of action of HA and modifications of endogenous and exogenous (injected) HA during infusion therapy. In the reduced state, HA has antioxidant activity and can neutralize the action of ROS and RNS formed during hypoxia. However, under conditions of hypoxia/ischemia and oxidative/nitrosative stress, HA is susceptible to oxidation and modification, which leads to the loss of its protective properties.

Contribution

Contribution: Sorokina E.G., Reutov V.P. — the concept and design of the study; Sorokina E.G., Karaseva O.V., Semenova Zh.B. — collection of literature data; Sorokina E.G., Reutov V.P. — writing the text; Smirnov I.E. — editing the text. All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Acknowledgment

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received

Received: December 20, 2024Accepted: March 18, 2025Published: April 29, 2025

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.