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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rosped</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский педиатрический журнал имени М.Я. Студеникина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>M.Ya. Studenikin Russian Pediatric Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><publisher><publisher-name>ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46563/1560-9561-2025-28-4-253-258</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">icfnzn</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rosped-1661</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Недостаточность питания при ахалазии у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Malnutrition in children with achalasia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9768-3271</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буркина</surname><given-names>Нина Игоревна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burkina</surname><given-names>Nina I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач-педиатр ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</p><p>e-mail: burkina.ni@nczd.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, pediatrician, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health</p><p>e-mail: burkina.ni@nczd.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">burkina.ni@nczd.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9893-9291</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бушуева</surname><given-names>Татьяна Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bushueva</surname><given-names>Tatiana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, доцент, гл. науч. сотр., лаб. питания здорового и больного ребёнка, врач-диетолог ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России; проф. каф. наследственных болезней обмена веществ и биохимической генетики ФГБНУ МГНЦ им. акад. Н.П. Бочкова</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3925-4991</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алхасов</surname><given-names>Абдуманап Басирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alkhasov</surname><given-names>Abdumanap B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, проф., гл. науч. сотр., зав. хирургическим торакальным отделением ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России; проф. каф. детской хирургии ФГАОУ ВО «РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России (Пироговский Университет)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0603-3394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боровик</surname><given-names>Татьяна Эдуардовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borovik</surname><given-names>Tatiana E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, проф., зав. лаб. питания здорового и больного ребёнка ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России; проф. каф. педиатрии и детской ревматологии ФГАОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8750-9285</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черников</surname><given-names>Владислав Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernikov</surname><given-names>Vladislav V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, начальник методического аккредитационно-симуляционного центра, зав. отделением диагностики и восстановительного лечения ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2082-3998</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ратников</surname><given-names>Сергей Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ratnikov</surname><given-names>Sergei A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, врач — детский хирург хирургического торакального отделения ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9808-8682</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комина</surname><given-names>Елена Игоревна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komina</surname><given-names>Elena I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, врач — детский хирург хирургического торакального отделения ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8586-7946</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фисенко</surname><given-names>Андрей Петрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fisenko</surname><given-names>Andrey P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, проф., директор ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России; ФГБУ «Медико-генетический научный центр им. акад. Н.П. Бочкова»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health; Bochkov Research Centre of Medical Genetics</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России (Пироговский Университет)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>253</fpage><lpage>258</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Буркина Н.И., Бушуева Т.В., Алхасов А.Б., Боровик Т.Э., Черников В.В., Ратников С.А., Комина Е.И., Фисенко А.П., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Буркина Н.И., Бушуева Т.В., Алхасов А.Б., Боровик Т.Э., Черников В.В., Ратников С.А., Комина Е.И., Фисенко А.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Burkina N.I., Bushueva T.V., Alkhasov A.B., Borovik T.E., Chernikov V.V., Ratnikov S.A., Komina E.I., Fisenko A.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rosped.ru/jour/article/view/1661">https://www.rosped.ru/jour/article/view/1661</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Одним из ключевых проявлений ахалазии кардии (АК) — редкого хронического заболевания пищевода — является тяжёлая дисфагия, ведущая к белково-энергетической недостаточности, что существенно влияет на результаты хирургического лечения.</p><p>Цель работы — определить изменения пищевого статуса у детей с АК.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Ретроспективно обследовано 20 детей с АК, находившихся на лечении в торакальном отделении с 2019 по 2022 г. Для оценки пищевого статуса использовали Z-критерии BAZ (ИМТ/возраст) и HAZ (рост/возраст), расчёт которых осуществляли с помощью программного обеспечения Anthro Plus (2009). Тяжесть клинических симптомов заболевания оценивали по шкале Eckardt.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявлены значительные нарушения пищевого статуса у детей с АК. Недостаточность питания (НП) установлена у 12 детей, при этом более тяжёлые нарушения отмечены у детей младшего возраста. Пациенты с BAZ &lt; –2 госпитализировались в 2,3 раза чаще, более продолжительный период находились в стационаре и чаще требовали повторных оперативных вмешательств. Тяжесть симптомов АК до операции была выше у детей с тяжёлой НП.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Установлена высокая частота НП у детей с АК, ассоциированная с длительным пребыванием больных в стационаре, что определяет необходимость анализа пищевого статуса на протяжении всего периода госпитализации и проведения своевременной его коррекции.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Буркина Н.И., Бушуева Т.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования; Буркина Н.И., Бушуева Т.В., Ратников С.А., Комина Е.И. — сбор и обработка материала; Черников В.В., Буркина Н.И. — статистическая обработка материала; Буркина Н.И., Бушуева Т.В., Алхасов А.Б. — написание текста; Бушуева Т.В., Алхасов А.Б., Боровик, Т.Э., Фисенко А.П. — редактирование. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы подтверждают отсутствие конфликта интересов.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила 24</title><p>Поступила 24.06.2025Принята к печати 25.07.2025Опубликована 28.08.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. One of the key manifestations of achalasia cardia (AC), a rare chronic esophageal disease, is severe dysphagia leading to protein-energy malnutrition, which worsens the results of surgical treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. Comprehensive assessment of the nutritional status in children with achalasia cardia.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of twenty clinical AC cases was performed in children treated in the thoracic department of the National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health from 2019 to 2022. To assess the nutritional status of patients, BAZ (BMI/age) and HAZ (height/age) Z-criteria were used, calculated using the WHO Anthro Plus software (2009). The severity of clinical symptoms was assessed using the Eckardt scale, Statistical data processing was performed in StatTech v. 4.8.5 and Microsoft Excel.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Pronounced disorders of the nutritional status were revealed in AC children: malnutrition was established in 12 children, while more severe disorders were noted in younger children. Patients with BAZ &lt; –2 were hospitalized 2.3 times more often, stayed in hospital longer and more often required repeated surgical interventions. The severity of symptoms according to the Eckardt scale before surgery was higher in children with severe.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The study confirmed the high prevalence of nutritional deficiency in children with achalasia cardia, associated with a longer hospital stay, which justifies the need to assess the nutritional status throughout the entire period of hospitalization and its timely correction.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Burkina N.I., Bushueva T.V. — research concept and design of the study; Burkina N.I., Bushueva T.V., Ratnikov S.A., Komina E.I. — collection and processing of material; Burkina N.I. — statistical processing; Burkina N.I., Bushueva T.V., Alkhasov A.B. — writing the text; Bushueva T.V., Alkhasov A.B., Borovik T.E., Fisenko A.Р. — editing the text. All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgment</title><p>Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: June 24, 2025Accepted: July 25.2025Published: August 28, 2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>ахалазия кардии</kwd><kwd>ахалазия пищевода</kwd><kwd>пищевой статус</kwd><kwd>оперативное вмешательство</kwd><kwd>недостаточность питания</kwd><kwd>нутритивная поддержка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>achalasia cardia</kwd><kwd>esophageal achalasia</kwd><kwd>nutritional status</kwd><kwd>surgical intervention</kwd><kwd>malnutrition</kwd><kwd>nutritional support</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel D.A., Kim H.P., Zifodya J.S., Vaezi M.F. Idiopathic (primary) achalasia: a review. Orphanet J. 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