<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rosped</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский педиатрический журнал имени М.Я. Студеникина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>M.Ya. Studenikin Russian Pediatric Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><publisher><publisher-name>ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46563/1560-9561-2025-28-6-408-419</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ermfiz</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rosped-1997</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Алгоритм иммунологического обследования детей с иммунозависимыми заболеваниями для прогноза эффективности биологической терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Algorithm for immunological examination of children with immune-dependent diseases to predict the effectiveness of biological therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4704-6885</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радыгина</surname><given-names>Татьяна Вячеславовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Radygina</surname><given-names>Tatiana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр., лаб. экспериментальной иммунологии и вирусологии, врач клинико-диагностической лаб. ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</p><p>e-mail: radigina.tv@nczd.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, senior research, Laboratory of experimental immunology and virology, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health</p><p>e-mail: radigina.tv@nczd.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">radigina.tv@nczd.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0896-6996</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петричук</surname><given-names>Светлана Валентиновна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrichuk</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, проф., гл. науч. сотр., лаб. экспериментальной иммунологии и вирусологии, ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</p><p>e-mail: cito@list.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cito@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8586-7946</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фисенко</surname><given-names>Андрей Петрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fisenko</surname><given-names>Andrey P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, проф., директор ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</p><p>e-mail: director@nczd.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">director@nczd.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7771-3314</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Купцова</surname><given-names>Дарья Геннадьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuptsova</surname><given-names>Darya G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, врач клинической лабораторной диагностики, мл. науч. сотр., лаб. экспериментальной иммунологии и вирусологии, ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</p><p>e-mail: dg.kuptsova@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dg.kuptsova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9213-5281</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбатова</surname><given-names>Ольга Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbatova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, и.о. зав. лаб. экспериментальной иммунологии и вирусологии, вед. науч. сотр., лаб. экспериментальной иммунологии и вирусологии, врач клинико-диагностической лаборатории диагностики ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</p><p>e-mail: putintseva@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">putintseva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1549-2728</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анушенко</surname><given-names>Антон Олегович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anushenko</surname><given-names>Anton O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Врач гастроэнтерологического отделения с гепатологической группой, ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</p><p>e-mail: Anoushenko@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Anoushenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0858-8780</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Опрятин</surname><given-names>Леонид Андреевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Opryatin</surname><given-names>Leonid A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, врач-дерматовенеролог, отделение дерматологии и аллергологии, ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</p><p>e-mail: opryatin.l@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">opryatin.l@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1574-2050</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдуллаева</surname><given-names>Луизат Муслимовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdullaeva</surname><given-names>Luizat M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр., лаб. редких наследственных болезней у детей Медико-генетического центра, врач-невролог, отделение психоневрологии и нейрореабилитации Центра детской психоневрологии, ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</p><p>e-mail: instorm@inbox.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">instorm@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5645-5181</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фрейдлин</surname><given-names>Екатерина Валерьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Freydlin</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаборант-исследователь, лаб. экспериментальной иммунологии и вирусологии ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</p><p>e-mail: frdl-cito@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">frdl-cito@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4905-2373</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потапов</surname><given-names>Александр Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Potapov</surname><given-names>Alexander S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, проф., начальник центра воспалительных заболеваний кишечника ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России; проф. каф. педиатрии и детской ревматологии, ФГАОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</p><p>e-mail: potapov@nczd.ru</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2252-8570</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мурашкин</surname><given-names>Николай Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Murashkin</surname><given-names>Nikolay N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, проф., гл. науч. сотр., руководитель НИИ детской дерматологии, зав. отделением дерматологии и аллергологии, врач дерматовенеролог, ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России; проф. каф. педиатрии и детской ревматологии ФГАОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет); проф. каф. дерматовенерологии и косметологии ФГБУ ДПО «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента РФ</p><p>e-mail: m_nn2001@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m_nn2001@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9562-3774</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузенкова</surname><given-names>Людмила Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzenkova</surname><given-names>Lyudmila M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, проф., начальник центра детской психоневрологии, врач-невролог, ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</p><p>e-mail: kuzenkova@nczd.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuzenkova@nczd.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет); Центральная государственная медицинская академия Управления делами Президента</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Central State Medical Academy of Department of Presidental Affairs</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>408</fpage><lpage>419</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Радыгина Т.В., Петричук С.В., Фисенко А.П., Купцова Д.Г., Курбатова О.В., Анушенко А.О., Опрятин Л.А., Абдуллаева Л.М., Фрейдлин Е.В., Потапов А.С., Мурашкин Н.Н., Кузенкова Л.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Радыгина Т.В., Петричук С.В., Фисенко А.П., Купцова Д.Г., Курбатова О.В., Анушенко А.О., Опрятин Л.А., Абдуллаева Л.М., Фрейдлин Е.В., Потапов А.С., Мурашкин Н.Н., Кузенкова Л.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Radygina T.V., Petrichuk S.V., Fisenko A.P., Kuptsova D.G., Kurbatova O.V., Anushenko A.O., Opryatin L.A., Abdullaeva L.M., Freydlin E.V., Potapov A.S., Murashkin N.N., Kuzenkova L.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rosped.ru/jour/article/view/1997">https://www.rosped.ru/jour/article/view/1997</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Появление широкого спектра генно-инженерных биологических препаратов (ГИБП) открывает возможности для персонализированного подхода при лечении иммунозависимых заболеваний. Актуальной становится разработка методов прогнозирования эффективности биологической терапии для своевременной коррекции лечения. Цель: разработать алгоритм иммунологического обследования детей с воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника (ВЗК), псориазом (ПС), рассеянным склерозом (РС) для прогноза эффективности ГИБП.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Обследовано 486 детей в возрасте от 3,5 до 18 лет с иммунозависимыми заболеваниями. Проведены определение и анализ комплекса показателей: содержание основных (Т-, В-, NK-клетки) и малых популяций лимфоцитов (Th17-лимфоциты, регуляторные Т-клетки (Treg), активированные Т-хелперы), популяций Т-клеток памяти, популяций миелоидных клеток супрессоров (MDSCs), Treg с экспрессией эктонуклеотидазы CD39, активность сукцинатдегидрогеназы (СДГ) в популяциях лимфоцитов, активность ядерного фактора kB (NF-kB) в популяциях лимфоцитов. Группу сравнения составили 100 условно здоровых детей, сопоставимых по возрасту. Прогностическую значимость показателей, уровень пороговых значений (cut-off) оценивали с помощью метода характеристических кривых (ROC-анализа).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Высокая вероятность прогноза (&gt; 70%) эффекта терапии ГИБП получена для индекса Th17/Treg независимо от формы патологии и длительности терапии; для абсолютного содержания регуляторных клеток (Treg и MDSCs) независимо от формы патологии в период поддерживающего курса ГИБП; активности СДГ в Treg — при ВЗК и ПС независимо от длительности терапии; при сочетании активности СДГ в Treg и индекса Th17/Treg — при ВЗК, ПС и РС независимо от длительности терапии; субпопуляций Т-клеток памяти — при ВЗК, ПС и РС в поддерживающий курс; относительного содержания Treg с экспрессией эктонуклеотидазы CD39 при ВЗК и РС после индукционного курса. Превышение пороговых значений по уровню NF-κВ в NK-клетках с высокой вероятностью (&gt; 70%) прогнозирует активацию воспалительного процесса на фоне терапии у детей при ВЗК, ПС и РС.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Разработан двухэтапный алгоритм иммунологического обследования детей с ВЗК, ПС и РС, который с высокой вероятностью позволяет прогнозировать эффект биологической терапии и активность воспалительного процесса до назначения ГИБП и в период поддерживающего курса.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов: Радыгина Т.В., Петричук С.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования; Радыгина Т.В., Петричук С.В., Купцова Д.Г., Курбатова О.В., Анушенко А.О., Опрятин Л.А., Абдуллаева Л.М., Фрейдлин Е.В. — сбор и обработка материала; Радыгина Т.В., Петричук С.В. — написание текста; Фисенко А.П., Потапов А.С., Мурашкин Н.Н., Кузенкова Л.М. — редактирование. Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование проведено в рамках государственного задания Минздрава России, № 119013090093-2, 122040800220-9.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила 10</title><p>Поступила 10.11.2025Принята к печати 27.11.2025Опубликована 25.12.2025</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The emergence of a wide range of genetically engineered biological products (GEBP) opens up opportunities for a personalized approach in the treatment of immune-dependent diseases. The development of methods for predicting the effectiveness of biological therapy for timely treatment correction is of particular relevance. Laboratory and clinical biomarkers are being studied.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A laboratory examination was conducted on 486 children aged of 3.5 to 18 years with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), 182 children with psoriasis (PS), and 147 children with multiple sclerosis (MS). The study included a set of quantitative and functional indicators: the content of basic (T, B, NK cells) and small populations of lymphocytes (Th17 lymphocytes, regulatory T cells (Treg), activated T helper cells), populations of memory T cells, populations of myeloid suppressor cells (MDSCs), Treg with CD39 ectonucleotidase expression, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in lymphocyte populations, and nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) activity in lymphocyte populations. The comparison group consisted of 100 conditionally healthy children of comparable age. The diagnostic and prognostic significance of immunological parameters and the level of threshold values (cut-off) were evaluated using the method of characteristic curves (ROC analysis).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A high probability of predicting (&gt; 70%) the effect of GIBP therapy was obtained for the Th17/Treg index, regardless of the form of pathology and duration of therapy; for the absolute content of regulatory cells (Treg and MDSCs), regardless of the form of pathology during the maintenance course of GIBP; the activity of ADHD in Treg — in IBD and PS, regardless of the duration of therapy; the combination of ADHD activity in Treg and the Th17/Treg index in IBD, PS and MS, regardless of the duration of therapy; memory T cell subpopulations in IBD, PS and MS during the maintenance course; the relative Treg content with ectonucleotidase CD39 expression in IBD and MS after the induction course. Exceeding the threshold values for NF-κB levels in NK cells has been shown to predicts the activation of the inflammatory process in children with IBD, PS, and MS with a high probability (&gt; 70%).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. A 2-stage algorithm for immunological examination of children with IBD, PS, and MS has been developed based on informative immunological indicators, which allow for a high probability of predicting the effect of biological therapy and the activity of the inflammatory process before the administration of GIBPs and during the maintenance course.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution: Radygina T.V., Petrichuk S.V. — research concept and design; Radygina T.V., Petrichuk S.V., Kuptsova D.G., Kurbatova O.V., Anushenko A.O., Opryatin L.A., Abdullaeva L.M., Freidlin E.V. — collection and processing of material; Radygina T.V., Petrichuk S.V. — writing the text; Fisenko A.P., Potapov A.S., Murashkin N.N., Kuzenkova L.M. — editing the text. All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgment</title><p>Acknowledgment. The study was supported by a state assignment from the Russian Ministry of Health, № 119013090093-2, 122040800220-9.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: November 10, 2025Accepted: November 27, 2025Published: December 25, 2025</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>блокаторы фактора некроза опухоли</kwd><kwd>интерферон β1α</kwd><kwd>болезнь Крона</kwd><kwd>язвенный колит</kwd><kwd>псориаз</kwd><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>прогноз эффективности терапии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>TNF blockers</kwd><kwd>interferon β1a</kwd><kwd>inflammatory bowel diseases</kwd><kwd>psoriasis</kwd><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>survival of biological therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Califf R.M. Biomarker definitions and their applications. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood). 2018; 243(3): 213–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1535370217750088</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Califf R.M. Biomarker definitions and their applications. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood). 2018; 243(3): 213–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1535370217750088</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Costa J., Macaron G., Khaled K.J. Biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: An update. Biomark. Neuropsychiatry. 2023; 9: 100075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionps.2023.100075</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Costa J., Macaron G., Khaled K.J. Biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: An update. Biomark. Neuropsychiatry. 2023; 9: 100075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionps.2023.100075</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amini Kadijani A., Asadzadeh Aghdaei H., Sorrentino D., Mirzaei A., Shahrokh S., Balaii H., et al. Transmembrane TNF-α density, but not soluble TNF-α Level, is associated with primary response to infliximab in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin. Transl. Gastroenterol. 2017; 8(9): e117. https://doi.org/10.1038/ctg.2017.44</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amini Kadijani A., Asadzadeh Aghdaei H., Sorrentino D., Mirzaei A., Shahrokh S., Balaii H., et al. Transmembrane TNF-α density, but not soluble TNF-α Level, is associated with primary response to infliximab in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin. Transl. Gastroenterol. 2017; 8(9): e117. https://doi.org/10.1038/ctg.2017.44</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu D., Saikam V., Skrada K.A., Merlin D., Iyer S.S. Inflammatory bowel disease biomarkers. Med. Res. Rev. 2022; 42(5): 1856–87. https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21893</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu D., Saikam V., Skrada K.A., Merlin D., Iyer S.S. Inflammatory bowel disease biomarkers. Med. Res. Rev. 2022; 42(5): 1856–87. https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21893</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hsieh C.L., Yu S.J., Lai K.L., Chao W.T., Yen C.Y. IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-4, and IL-13: Potential biomarkers for prediction of the effectiveness of biologics in psoriasis patients. Biomedicines. 2024; 12(5): 1115. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12051115</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hsieh C.L., Yu S.J., Lai K.L., Chao W.T., Yen C.Y. IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-4, and IL-13: Potential biomarkers for prediction of the effectiveness of biologics in psoriasis patients. Biomedicines. 2024; 12(5): 1115. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12051115</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ayrignac X., Le Bars E., Duflos C., Hirtz C., Maleska Maceski A., Carra-Dallière C., et al. Serum GFAP in multiple sclerosis: correlation with disease type and MRI markers of disease severity. Sci. Rep. 2020; 10(1): 10923. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67934-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ayrignac X., Le Bars E., Duflos C., Hirtz C., Maleska Maceski A., Carra-Dallière C., et al. Serum GFAP in multiple sclerosis: correlation with disease type and MRI markers of disease severity. Sci. Rep. 2020; 10(1): 10923. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67934-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Offenheim R., Cruz-Correa O.F., Ganatra D., Gladman D.D. Candidate biomarkers for response to treatment in psoriatic disease. J. Rheumatol. 2024; 51(12): 1176–86. https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.2024-0396</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Offenheim R., Cruz-Correa O.F., Ganatra D., Gladman D.D. Candidate biomarkers for response to treatment in psoriatic disease. J. Rheumatol. 2024; 51(12): 1176–86. https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.2024-0396</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Курбатова О.В., Петричук С.В., Мовсисян Г.Б., Купцова Д.Г., Радыгина Т.В, Анушенко А.О. и др. Роль малых популяций лимфоцитов при формировании фиброза печени у детей с гликогеновой болезнью. Российский иммунологический журнал. 2023; 26(3): 337–44. https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-10013-ROM https://elibrary.ru/fklrml</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurbatova O.V., Petrichuk S.V., Movsisyan G.B., Kuptsova D.G., Radygina T.V., Anushenko A.O., et al. Role of minor lymphocyte populations in development of liver fibrosis in children with glycogen storage disease. Rossiiskiy immunologicheskiy zhurnal. 2023; 26(3): 337–44. https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-10013-ROM https://elibrary.ru/fklrml (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петричук C.В., Мирошкина Л.В., Семикина E.Л., Топтыгина А.П., Потапов А.С., Цимбалова E.Г. и др. Показатели популяционного состава лимфоцитов как предикторы эффективности терапии ингибитором TNFα у детей с воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника. Медицинская иммунология. 2018; 20(5): 721–30. https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-2018-5-721-730 https://elibrary.ru/yltkuh</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrichuk S.V., Miroshkina L.V., Semikina E.L., Toptygina A.P., Potapov A.S., Tsimbalova E.G., et al. Indiсators of the lymphocyte subsets as efficiciency predictors of therapy with inhibitors of TNFα in children with inflammatory bowel disease. Meditsinskaya immunologiya. 2018; 20(5): 721–30. https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-2018-5-721-730 https://elibrary.ru/yltkuh (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Радыгина Т.В., Купцова Д.Г., Петричук С.В., Потапов А.С., Мурашкин Н.Н., Абдуллаева Л.М. и др. Содержание миелоидных клеток-супрессоров при аутоиммунных заболеваниях у детей. Российский иммунологический журнал. 2023; 26(3): 381–8. https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-10044-COM https://elibrary.ru/jiiodk</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radygina T.V., Kuptsova D.G., Petrichuk S.V., Potapov A.S., Murashkin N.N., Abdullaeva L.M., et al. Content of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in autoimmune diseases in children. Rossiiskiy immunologicheskiy zhurnal. 2023; 26(3): 381–8. https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-10044-COM https://elibrary.ru/jiiodk (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Радыгина Т.В., Петричук С.В., Купцова Д.Г., Курбатова О.В., Фисенко А.П., Абдуллаева Л.М. и др. Содержание Т-клеток памяти у детей с иммунозависимыми заболеваниями при разной эффективности биологической терапии. Российский педиатрический журнал. 2025; 28(1): 23–32. https://doi.org/10.46563/1560-9561-2025-28-1-23-32 https://elibrary.ru/tcnxvr</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radygina T.V., Petrichuk S.V., Kuptsova D.G., Kurbatova O.V., Fisenko A.P., Abdullaeva L.M., et al. The content of memory t-cells in children with immune-mediated inflammatory disease with varying effectiveness of biological therapy. Rossiiskiy pediatricheskiy zhurnal. 2025; 28(1): 23–32. https://doi.org/10.46563/1560-9561-2025-28-1-23-32 https://elibrary.ru/tcnxvr (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петричук С.В., Курбатова О.В., Купцова Д.Г., Радыгина Т.В., Фрейдлин Е.В. Метаболизм популяций лимфоцитов у здоровых детей и пациентов с иммунозависимыми заболеваниями. Аллергология и иммунология в педиатрии. 2023; (2): 50–3. https://doi.org/10.53529/2500-1175-2023-2-50-53 https://elibrary.ru/iuthlg</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrichuk S.V., Kurbatova O.V., Kuptsova D.G., Radygina T.V., Freidlin E.V. Metabolism of lymphocyte populations in healthy children and patients with immune-dependent diseases. Allergologiya i immunologiya v pediatrii. 2023; (2): 50–3. https://doi.org/10.53529/2500-1175-2023-2-50-53 https://elibrary.ru/iuthlg (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Курбатова О.В., Радыгина Т.В., Купцова Д.Г., Петричук С.В., Мовсисян Г.Б., Потапов А.С. и др. Координация сигнального пути NF-κB и метаболизма лимфоцитов у детей с аутоиммунными заболеваниями. Российский иммунологический журнал. 2023; 26(4): 491–500. https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-13800-COT https://elibrary.ru/zrvlew</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurbatova O.V., Radygina T.V., Kuptsova D.G., Petrichuk S.V., Movsisyan G.B., Potapov A.S., et al. Coordination of the NF-κB signaling pathway and lymphocyte metabolism in children with autoimmune diseases. Rossiiskiy immunologicheskiy zhurnal. 2023; 26(4): 491–500. https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-13800-COT https://elibrary.ru/zrvlew (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cattalini M., Maduskuie V., Fawcett P.T., Brescia A.M., Rosé C.D. Predicting duration of beneficial effect of joint injection among children with chronic arthritis by measuring biomarkers concentration in synovial fluid at the time of injection. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 2008; 26(6): 1153–60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cattalini M., Maduskuie V., Fawcett P.T., Brescia A.M., Rosé C.D. Predicting duration of beneficial effect of joint injection among children with chronic arthritis by measuring biomarkers concentration in synovial fluid at the time of injection. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 2008; 26(6): 1153–60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Курбатова О.В., Купцова Д.Г., Закиров Р.Ш., Радыгина Т.В., Мовсисян Г.Б., Фрейдлин Е.В. и др. Перспективы изучения иммунометаболизма в клинической практике. Вестник Ташкентской медицинской академии. 2023; 3(1): 98–104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurbatova O.V., Kuptsova D.G., Zakirov R.Sh., Radygina T.V., Movsisyan G.B., Freidlin E.V., et al. Prospects for studying immunometabolism in clinical practice. Vestnik Tashkentskoy meditsinskoy akademii. 2023; 3(1): 98–104. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лучинин А.С. Прогностические модели в медицине. Клиническая онкогематология. 2023; 16(1): 27–36. https://doi.org/10.21320/2500-2139-2023-16-1-27-36 https://elibrary.ru/uzeqzu</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luchinin A.S. Prognostic models in medicine. Klinicheskaya onkogematologiya. 2023; 16(1): 27–36. https://doi.org/10.21320/2500-2139-2023-16-1-27-36 https://elibrary.ru/uzeqzu (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Conrad N., Misra S., Verbakel J.Y., Verbeke G., Molenberghs G., Taylor P.N., et al. Incidence, prevalence, and co-occurrence of autoimmune disorders over time and by age, sex, and socioeconomic status: a population-based cohort study of 22 million individuals in the UK. Lancet. 2023; 401(10391): 1878–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00457-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Conrad N., Misra S., Verbakel J.Y., Verbeke G., Molenberghs G., Taylor P.N., et al. Incidence, prevalence, and co-occurrence of autoimmune disorders over time and by age, sex, and socioeconomic status: a population-based cohort study of 22 million individuals in the UK. Lancet. 2023; 401(10391): 1878–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00457-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бойнова И.В., Самарина Д.В., Каторова А.В., Токарева Н.Г. Клинико-эпидемиологические особенности рассеянного склероза в Российской Федерации. Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2022; (5): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.17513/spno.32006 https://elibrary.ru/rxkcde</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boynova I.V., Samarina D.V., Katorova A.V., Tokareva N.G. Clinical and epidemiological features of multiple sclerosis in the Russian Federation. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2022; (5): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.17513/spno.32006 https://elibrary.ru/rxkcde (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яблокова Е.А., Горелов А.В., Сичинава И.В., Борисова Е.В., Полотнянко Е.Ю., Грамматопуло М.И. и др. Течение внекишечных проявлений воспалительных заболеваний кишечника у детей. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2016; (8): 62–6. https://elibrary.ru/wxqeqx</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yablokova E.A., Gorelov A.V., Sichinava I.V., Borisova E.V., Polotnyanko E.Y., Grammatopulo M.I., et al. For extraintestinal manifestations of INFL ammatory bowel disease in children. Eksperimental’naya i klinicheskaya gastroenterologiya. 2016; (8): 62–6. https://elibrary.ru/wxqeqx (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жукова О.В., Касихина Е.И. Эпидемиологические аспекты псориаза у детей. Клиническая дерматология и венерология. 2018; 17(5): 24–9. https://doi.org/10.17116/klinderma201817051 https://elibrary.ru/yqhjoh</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhukova O.V., Kasikhina E.I. Epidemiological aspects of psoriasis in children. Klinicheskaya dermatologiya i venerologiya. 2018; 17(5): 24–9. https://doi.org/10.17116/klinderma201817051 https://elibrary.ru/yqhjoh (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Souza H.S., Fiocchi C. Immunopathogenesis of IBD: current state of the art. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016; 13(1): 13–27. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2015.186.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Souza H.S., Fiocchi C. Immunopathogenesis of IBD: current state of the art. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016; 13(1): 13–27. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2015.186.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chiricozzi A., Romanelli P., Volpe E., Borsellino G., Romanelli M. Scanning the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018; 19(1): 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010179</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chiricozzi A., Romanelli P., Volpe E., Borsellino G., Romanelli M. Scanning the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018; 19(1): 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010179</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Conrad C., Gilliet M. Psoriasis: from pathogenesis to targeted therapies. Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol. 2018; 54(1): 102–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-018-8668-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Conrad C., Gilliet M. Psoriasis: from pathogenesis to targeted therapies. Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol. 2018; 54(1): 102–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-018-8668-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dulic S., Toldi G., Sava F., Kovács L., Molnár T., Milassin Á., et al. Specific T-cell subsets can predict the efficacy of anti-TNF treatment in inflammatory bowel diseases. Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. (Warsz). 2020; 68(2): 12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00005-020-00575-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dulic S., Toldi G., Sava F., Kovács L., Molnár T., Milassin Á., et al. Specific T-cell subsets can predict the efficacy of anti-TNF treatment in inflammatory bowel diseases. Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. (Warsz). 2020; 68(2): 12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00005-020-00575-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Georgescu S.R., Tampa M., Caruntu C., Sarbu M.I., Mitran C.I., Mitran M.I., et al. Advances in understanding the immunological pathways in psoriasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019; 20(3): 739. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030739</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Georgescu S.R., Tampa M., Caruntu C., Sarbu M.I., Mitran C.I., Mitran M.I., et al. Advances in understanding the immunological pathways in psoriasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019; 20(3): 739. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030739</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jamshidian A., Shaygannejad V., Pourazar A., Zarkesh-Esfahani S.H., Gharagozloo M. Biased Treg/Th17 balance away from regulatory toward inflammatory phenotype in relapsed multiple sclerosis and its correlation with severity of symptoms. J. Neuroimmunol. 2013; 262(1-2): 106–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.06.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jamshidian A., Shaygannejad V., Pourazar A., Zarkesh-Esfahani S.H., Gharagozloo M. Biased Treg/Th17 balance away from regulatory toward inflammatory phenotype in relapsed multiple sclerosis and its correlation with severity of symptoms. J. Neuroimmunol. 2013; 262(1-2): 106–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.06.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hu H., Li H., Li R., Liu P., Liu H. Re-establishing immune tolerance in multiple sclerosis: focusing on novel mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell regulation of Th17/Treg balance. J. Transl. Med. 2024; 22(1): 663. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-024-05450-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hu H., Li H., Li R., Liu P., Liu H. Re-establishing immune tolerance in multiple sclerosis: focusing on novel mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell regulation of Th17/Treg balance. J. Transl. Med. 2024; 22(1): 663. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-024-05450-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang S., Gang X., Yang S., Cui M., Sun L., Li Z., et al. The alterations in and the role of the Th17/Treg balance in metabolic diseases. Front. Immunol. 2021; 12: 678355. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.678355</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang S., Gang X., Yang S., Cui M., Sun L., Li Z., et al. The alterations in and the role of the Th17/Treg balance in metabolic diseases. Front. Immunol. 2021; 12: 678355. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.678355</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tomaszewicz M., Ronowska A., Zieliński M., Jankowska-Kulawy A., Trzonkowski P. T regulatory cells metabolism: The influence on functional properties and treatment potential. Front. Immunol. 2023; 14: 1122063. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1122063</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tomaszewicz M., Ronowska A., Zieliński M., Jankowska-Kulawy A., Trzonkowski P. T regulatory cells metabolism: The influence on functional properties and treatment potential. Front. Immunol. 2023; 14: 1122063. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1122063</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shyer J.A., Flavell R.A., Bailis W. Metabolic signaling in T cells. Cell Res. 2020; 30(8): 649–59. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-020-0379-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shyer J.A., Flavell R.A., Bailis W. Metabolic signaling in T cells. Cell Res. 2020; 30(8): 649–59. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-020-0379-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pålsson-McDermott E.M., O’Neill L.A.J. Targeting immunometabolism as an anti-inflammatory strategy. Cell Res. 2020; 30(4): 300–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-020-0291-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pålsson-McDermott E.M., O’Neill L.A.J. Targeting immunometabolism as an anti-inflammatory strategy. Cell Res. 2020; 30(4): 300–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-020-0291-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang W., Yu T., Cong Y. CD4+ T cell metabolism, gut microbiota, and autoimmune diseases: implication in precision medicine of autoimmune diseases. Precis. Clin. Med. 2022; 5(3): pbac018. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcmedi/pbac018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang W., Yu T., Cong Y. CD4+ T cell metabolism, gut microbiota, and autoimmune diseases: implication in precision medicine of autoimmune diseases. Precis. Clin. Med. 2022; 5(3): pbac018. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcmedi/pbac018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vuerich M., Harshe R.P., Robson S.C., Longhi M.S. Dysregulation of adenosinergic signaling in systemic and organ-specific autoimmunity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019; 20(3): 528. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030528</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vuerich M., Harshe R.P., Robson S.C., Longhi M.S. Dysregulation of adenosinergic signaling in systemic and organ-specific autoimmunity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019; 20(3): 528. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030528</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zeng J., Ning Z., Wang Y., Xiong H. Implications of CD39 in immune-related diseases. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2020; 89(Pt. A): 107055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107055</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zeng J., Ning Z., Wang Y., Xiong H. Implications of CD39 in immune-related diseases. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2020; 89(Pt. A): 107055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107055</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Di Virgilio F., Sarti A.C., Coutinho-Silva R. Purinergic signaling, DAMPs, and inflammation. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2020; 318(5): C832–5. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00053.2020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Di Virgilio F., Sarti A.C., Coutinho-Silva R. Purinergic signaling, DAMPs, and inflammation. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2020; 318(5): C832–5. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00053.2020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Millrud C.R., Bergenfelz C., Leandersson K. On the origin of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Oncotarget. 2017; 8(2): 3649–65. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.12278</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Millrud C.R., Bergenfelz C., Leandersson K. On the origin of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Oncotarget. 2017; 8(2): 3649–65. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.12278</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu D., Li C., Xu Y., Huang M., Cui D., Xie J. Myeloid-derived suppressor cell: A crucial player in autoimmune diseases. Front. Immunol. 2022; 13: 1021612. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1021612</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu D., Li C., Xu Y., Huang M., Cui D., Xie J. Myeloid-derived suppressor cell: A crucial player in autoimmune diseases. Front. Immunol. 2022; 13: 1021612. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1021612</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sadeghi M., Dehnavi S., Sharifat M., Amiri A.M., Khodadadi A. Innate immune cells: Key players of orchestra in modulating tumor microenvironment (TME). Heliyon. 2024; 10(5): e27480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27480</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sadeghi M., Dehnavi S., Sharifat M., Amiri A.M., Khodadadi A. Innate immune cells: Key players of orchestra in modulating tumor microenvironment (TME). Heliyon. 2024; 10(5): e27480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27480</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raphael I., Joern R.R., Forsthuber T.G. Memory CD4+ T cells in immunity and autoimmune diseases. Cells. 2020; 9(3): 531. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9030531</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raphael I., Joern R.R., Forsthuber T.G. Memory CD4+ T cells in immunity and autoimmune diseases. Cells. 2020; 9(3): 531. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9030531</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Gisbergen K.P.J.M., Zens K.D., Münz C. T-cell memory in tissues. Eur. J. Immunol. 2021; 51(6): 1310–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.202049062</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Gisbergen K.P.J.M., Zens K.D., Münz C. T-cell memory in tissues. Eur. J. Immunol. 2021; 51(6): 1310–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.202049062</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zaidi D., Wine E. Regulation of nuclear factor Kappa-Light-Chain-Enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κβ) in inflammatory bowel diseases. Front. Pediatr. 2018; 6: 317. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2018.00317</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaidi D., Wine E. Regulation of nuclear factor Kappa-Light-Chain-Enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κβ) in inflammatory bowel diseases. Front. Pediatr. 2018; 6: 317. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2018.00317</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uttarkar S., Brembilla N.C., Boehncke W.H. Regulatory cells in the skin: Pathophysiologic role and potential targets for anti-inflammatory therapies. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2019; 143(4): 1302–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.1011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uttarkar S., Brembilla N.C., Boehncke W.H. Regulatory cells in the skin: Pathophysiologic role and potential targets for anti-inflammatory therapies. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2019; 143(4): 1302–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.1011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guo Q., Jin Y., Chen X., Ye X., Shen X., Lin M., et al. NF-κB in biology and targeted therapy: new insights and translational implications. Signal Transduct. Target Ther. 2024; 9(1): 53. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-024-01757-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guo Q., Jin Y., Chen X., Ye X., Shen X., Lin M., et al. NF-κB in biology and targeted therapy: new insights and translational implications. Signal Transduct. Target Ther. 2024; 9(1): 53. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-024-01757-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marsal J., Barreiro-de Acosta M., Blumenstein I., Cappello M., Bazin T., Sebastian S. Management of non-response and loss of response to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 2022; 9: 897936. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.897936</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marsal J., Barreiro-de Acosta M., Blumenstein I., Cappello M., Bazin T., Sebastian S. Management of non-response and loss of response to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 2022; 9: 897936. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.897936</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Privitera G., Pugliese D., Rapaccini G.L., Gasbarrini A., Armuzzi A., Guidi L. Predictors and early markers of response to biological therapies in inflammatory bowel diseases. J. Clin. Med. 2021; 10(4): 853. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10040853</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Privitera G., Pugliese D., Rapaccini G.L., Gasbarrini A., Armuzzi A., Guidi L. Predictors and early markers of response to biological therapies in inflammatory bowel diseases. J. Clin. Med. 2021; 10(4): 853. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10040853</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brescia C., Audia S., Pugliano A., Scaglione F., Iuliano R., Trapasso F., et al. Metabolic drives affecting Th17/Treg gene expression changes and differentiation: impact on immune-microenvironment regulation. APMIS. 2024; 132(12): 1026–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.13378.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brescia C., Audia S., Pugliano A., Scaglione F., Iuliano R., Trapasso F., et al. Metabolic drives affecting Th17/Treg gene expression changes and differentiation: impact on immune-microenvironment regulation. APMIS. 2024; 132(12): 1026–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.13378.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cerboni S., Gehrmann U., Preite S., Mitra S. Cytokine-regulated Th17 plasticity in human health and diseases. Immunology. 2021; 163(1): 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.13280</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cerboni S., Gehrmann U., Preite S., Mitra S. Cytokine-regulated Th17 plasticity in human health and diseases. Immunology. 2021; 163(1): 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.13280</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quirant-Sánchez B., Presas-Rodriguez S., Mansilla M.J., Teniente-Serra A., Hervás-García J.V., Brieva L., et al. Th1Th17CM lymphocyte subpopulation as a predictive biomarker of disease activity in multiple sclerosis patients under dimethyl fumarate or fingolimod treatment. Mediators Inflamm. 2019; 2019: 8147803. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8147803</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quirant-Sánchez B., Presas-Rodriguez S., Mansilla M.J., Teniente-Serra A., Hervás-García J.V., Brieva L., et al. Th1Th17CM lymphocyte subpopulation as a predictive biomarker of disease activity in multiple sclerosis patients under dimethyl fumarate or fingolimod treatment. Mediators Inflamm. 2019; 2019: 8147803. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8147803</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
