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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rosped</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский педиатрический журнал имени М.Я. Студеникина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>M.Ya. Studenikin Russian Pediatric Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-9006</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-9014</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46563/2026-1-3-2041</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rosped-2055</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Результаты внедрения методических рекомендаций по снижению младенческой смертности от врождённых пороков сердца в Российской Федерации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Results of the Implementation of Methodological Guidelines for Reducing Infant Mortality from Congenital Heart Defects in the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2025-3157</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котова</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotova</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котова Евгения Григорьевна, канд. мед. наук, заместитель министра  </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniya G. Kotova, MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Deputy Minister</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">KotovaEG@minzdrav.gov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6252-0322</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голухова</surname><given-names>Е. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golukhova</surname><given-names>E. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Голухова Елена Зеликовна, доктор мед. наук, профессор, академик Российской академии наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Z. Golukhova, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director </p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egolukhova@bakulev.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0065-7419</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ким</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ким Алексей Иванович, доктор мед. наук, профессор, заместитель директора по лечебной работе с детьми грудного и раннего возраста, заведующий отделом кардиохирургии новорождённых и детей младенческого возраста</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey I. Kim, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Deputy Director for Clinical Work with Infants and Young Children, Head of the Department of Cardiac Surgery for Newborns and Infants</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aikim@bakulev.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9269-0170</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалёв</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalev</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалёв Игорь Александрович, доктор мед. наук, профессор, советник директора </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor A. Kovalev, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, an Adviser to the Director </p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iakovalev@bakulev.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6195-3402</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукьянова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukyanova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лукьянова Инна Владимировна, канд. мед. наук, главный специалист отдела организационно-методического и научного обеспечения по профилю «сердечно-сосудистая хирургия»</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna V. Lukyanova, MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Chief Specialist of the Department of Organizational, Methodological and Scientific Support in the field of “Cardiovascular Surgery”</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivlukyanova@bakulev.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3288-4926</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Папанова</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Papanova</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Папанова Елена Константинова, аналитик отдела демографии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena K. Papanova, Analyst in the Demography Department  </p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.papanova@mednet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр сердечно-сосудистой хирургии имени А.Н. Бакулева» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery named after A.N. Bakulev</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт организации и информатизации здравоохранения» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Scientific Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Informatization</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>151</fpage><lpage>164</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Котова Е.Г., Голухова Е.З., Ким А.И., Ковалёв И.А., Лукьянова И.В., Папанова Е.К., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Котова Е.Г., Голухова Е.З., Ким А.И., Ковалёв И.А., Лукьянова И.В., Папанова Е.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kotova E.G., Golukhova E.Z., Kim A.I., Kovalev I.A., Lukyanova I.V., Papanova E.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rosped.ru/jour/article/view/2055">https://www.rosped.ru/jour/article/view/2055</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Врождённые аномалии развития, включая врождённые пороки сердца (ВПС), занимают второе место в структуре причин младенческой смертности в России. Наиболее важные аспекты деятельности, направленные на снижение младенческой смертности от ВПС, содержат стандартизацию пренатальной и постнатальной диагностики, маршрутизацию с целью оказания специализированной медицинской помощи и повышение её качества на всех этапах. В настоящее время остаются нерешёнными управленческие вопросы, касающиеся совершенствования статистических форм и регистрового учёта ВПС, цифровизации учёта кардиохирургических вмешательств и организации пожизненного диспансерного наблюдения пациентов с ВПС.</p><p>Цель исследования ― оценить эффективность внедрения методических рекомендаций по снижению младенческой смертности от ВПС в субъектах Российской Федерации и предложить целевые показатели, характеризующие повышение качества оказания медицинской помощи детям с ВПС.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Использованы данные о числе родившихся в 2024 году с расчётом ожидаемого числа детей с ВПС, сведения о включении медицинских организаций в схему маршрутизации (13 федеральных и 9 региональных); показатели выполнения организационных мероприятий по диагностике ВПС у плода и новорождённого и маршрутизации пациентов в 39 субъектах Российской Федерации.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. За последние 35 лет младенческая смертность в России снизилась на 79,3%. При сокращении абсолютного числа операций при ВПС с 2020 по 2025 год отмечается выраженное и устойчивое снижение послеоперационной летальности во всех ключевых группах, что свидетельствует о повышении качества хирургической помощи, улучшении периоперационного ведения пациентов. Наиболее значительный прогресс достигнут у детей первого года жизни: показатель послеоперационной летальности снизился почти в 2,5 раза.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Внедрение методических рекомендаций по снижению младенческой смертности позволило улучшить качество оказания медицинской помощи новорождённым с ВПС, стандартизировать подходы к диагностике и лечению в разных субъектах РФ с акцентом на раннюю диагностику критических ВПС. Ввиду отсутствия единой методологии сбора данных доказательная база носит ограниченный характер, что затрудняет объективную оценку ситуации. Внедрение цифрового журнала кардиохирургических вмешательств может отчасти решить эту проблему и повысить качество мониторинга помощи детям с ВПС.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Congenital developmental anomalies, including congenital heart defects (CHDs), are the second leading cause of infant mortality in Russia. Key measures to reduce infant mortality due to CHDs include standardizing prenatal and postnatal diagnostics, establishing patient routing pathways to ensure access to specialized health care, and improving the quality of care at all stages. Currently, management challenges remain unresolved regarding the improvement of statistical reporting forms and CHD registries, digitalizing the tracking of cardiac surgery and organizing lifelong follow-up care for patients with CHD.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of implementing methodological recommendations for reducing CHD-related mortality across the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and to propose targets that reflect the improvement of the quality of health care for children with CHD.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The analysis used data on the number of births in 2024 to estimate the expected number of children with CHD, information on the inclusion of health institutions in the routing scheme (13 federal and 9 regional centers), and indicators of organizational activities for fetal and neonatal CHD diagnosis and patient routing across 39 constituent entities of the Russian Federation.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Over the past 35 years, infant mortality in Russia has decreased by 79.3%. Despite the reduction in the absolute number of cardiac surgeries for CHD between 2020 and 2025, there has been a pronounced and sustained decline in postoperative mortality across all key patient groups, indicating improved quality of surgical care and better perioperative patient management. The most significant progress has been achieved in infants under 1 year of age: the postoperative mortality rate decreased by nearly 2.5-fold. The article proposes target indicators for the quality of health care provided to children with CHD to be used as standards for healthcare management at the regional level.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Implementation of the methodological recommendations aimed at reducing infant mortality has improved the quality of health care provided to newborns with CHD and helped standardize diagnostic and treatment approaches across different constituent entities of the Russian Federation, with an emphasis on early detection of critical CHD. However, the lack of a unified data collection methodology limits the strength of the evidence base and complicates objective assessment of the situation. Introducing a digital registry for cardiac surgical interventions could partially address this issue and enhance the monitoring of care provided to children with CHD.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>младенческая смертность</kwd><kwd>врождённые пороки сердца</kwd><kwd>организация здравоохранения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>infant mortality</kwd><kwd>congenital heart defects</kwd><kwd>healthcare organization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Котова Е.Г., Папанова Е.К. Состояние уровневой системы родовспоможения в Российской Федерации с позиции поиска резервов по снижению младенческой смертности в условиях современной медико-демографической ситуации. Акушерство и гинекология. 2026;(2):5‒15. doi: 10.18565/aig.2025.383 EDN: TKYUXW</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kotova EG, Papanova EK. 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