rospedРоссийский педиатрический журнал имени М.Я. СтуденикинаM.Ya. Studenikin Russian Pediatric JournalФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России10.46563/1560-9561-2022-25-5-357-361okrswjrosped-210Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSЭлектронные сигареты (вейпы) — старая угроза здоровью в новом обличьеElectronic cigarettes (vapes) are an old threat to health in a new guisehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3586-4031ГалицкаяМарина ГеннадьевнаGalitskayaMarina G.

Канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. Центра профилактической педиатрии ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России.

e-mail: galitskaya.mg@nczd.ru

MD, PhD., senior researcher of the Department of preventive pediatrics of National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.

e-mail: galitskaya.mg@nczd.ru

galitskaya.mg@nczd.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8586-7946ФисенкоАндрей ПетровичFisenkoAndrey P.

Доктор мед. наук, проф., директор ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России.

e-mail: director@nczd.ru

director@nczd.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3056-403XМакароваСветлана ГеннадиевнаMakarovaSvetlana G.

Доктор мед. наук, зам. директора по научной работе ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России; руководитель Центра профилактической педиатрии; проф. каф. многопрофильной клинической подготовки факультета фундаментальной медицины ФГБОУ ВО «МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова».

e-mail: sm27@yandex.ru

sm27@yandex.ruФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава РоссииNational Medical Research Center for Children’s HealthФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health; Lomonosov Moscow State University202214092023255357361Copyright © Галицкая М.Г., Фисенко А.П., Макарова С.Г., 20232023Галицкая М.Г., Фисенко А.П., Макарова С.Г.Galitskaya M.G., Fisenko A.P., Makarova S.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rosped.ru/jour/article/view/210

Электронные системы дозирования никотина, широко известные как электронные сигареты или вейпы, быстро стали распространёнными табачными изделиями, используемыми молодёжью, во многом благодаря маркетингу и рекламе. Появление безникотиновых вейпов — новый виток в производстве электронных сигарет. Из-за широко распространённого мнения о безвредности таких вейпов их часто стали использовать дети и подростки. В обзоре дана характеристика состава аэрозолей вейпов, приведены данные исследований их влияния на здоровье человека. Показана опасность курения как никотиновых, так и безникотиновых вейпов. Учитывая относительную непродолжительность использования электронных сигарет, остаётся множество вопросов — как сугубо медицинских, так и правовых. Авторы рекомендуют настороженно относиться к новомодному увлечению подростков и молодёжи, применять знания о вреде вейпов в повседневной практике, что поможет помочь детям и подросткам избежать никотинозависимости.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов:Галицкая М.Г., Макарова С.Г. — концепция и дизайн исследования;Галицкая М.Г. — сбор и обработка материала, написание текста;Макарова С.Г., Фисенко А.П. — редактирование.Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех её частей.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов. 

Поступила 24

Поступила 24.08.2022Принята к печати 20.09.2022Опубликована 31.10.2022

Electronic nicotine dosing systems, commonly known as electronic cigarettes or vapes, have quickly become the most common tobacco products used by teenagers and young people, largely due to the marketing and advertising of the companies that produce them. The appearance of nicotine-free vapes is a new round in the production of electronic cigarettes. Due to the widespread opinion about the harmlessness of such vapes, they are increasingly being used by children and adolescents. The review describes the composition of vaping aerosols, provides data from scientific research on their impact on human health. The danger of smoking both nicotine and nicotine-free vapes is shown. However, given the relative short duration of the use of electronic cigarettes, there are many both purely medical and legal questions. All these issues require further research, which continues all over the world. The authors recommend being wary of this habit and the newfangled hobby of teenagers and young people, applying knowledge about the dangers of vaping in everyday practice, which will indirectly help children and adolescents avoid the path of nicotine addiction, protecting the health of the younger generation.

Contribution

Contribution:Galitskaya M.G., Makarova S.G. — concept and design of the study;Galitskaya M.G. — collection and processing of the material, writing the text;Makarova S.G., Fisenko A.P. — editing.All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all its parts. 

Acknowledgment

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received

Received: August 24, 2022Accepted: September 20, 2022Published: October 31, 2022

электронные сигаретывейпыникотинаэрозольподросткиздоровье молодёжиelectronic cigarettesvapesnicotineaerosolchildren and teenagersReferencesThe New York Times. Barshad A. Kids will keep Falling until we make vaping as cool as smoking. Is the Juul craze almost over? Probably not!! The Juul is too cool; 2018. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/07/style/the-juul-is-too-cool.htmlThe New York Times. Barshad A. Kids will keep Falling until we make vaping as cool as smoking. Is the Juul craze almost over? Probably not!! The Juul is too cool; 2018. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/07/style/the-juul-is-too-cool.htmlHsu G., Sun J.Y., Zhu S.H. Evolution of electronic cigarette brands from 2013-2014 to 2016-2017: analysis of brand websites. J. Med.Internet. Res. 2018; 20(3): e80. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.8550Hsu G., Sun J.Y., Zhu S.H. Evolution of electronic cigarette brands from 2013-2014 to 2016-2017: analysis of brand websites. J. Med. Internet. Res. 2018; 20(3): e80. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.8550Pokhrel P., Herzog T.A., Muranaka N., Fagan P. Young adult e-cigarette users’ reasons for liking and not liking e-cigarettes: a qualitative study. Psychol. Health. 2015; 30(12): 1450-69. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2015.1061129Pokhrel P., Herzog T.A., Muranaka N., Fagan P. Young adult e-cigarette users’ reasons for liking and not liking e-cigarettes: a qualitative study. Psychol. Health. 2015; 30(12): 1450–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2015.1061129Harrell P.T., Simmons V.N., Correa J.B. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (“e-cigarettes”): review of safety and smoking cessation efficacy. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 2014; 151(3): 381-93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599814536847Harrell P.T., Simmons V.N., Correa J.B. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (“e-cigarettes”): review of safety and smoking cessation efficacy. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 2014; 151(3): 381–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599814536847Eaton D.L., Kwan L.Y., Stratton K., eds.Committee on the Review of the Health Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2018. https://doi.org/10.17226/24952Eaton D.L., Kwan L.Y., Stratton K., eds. Committee on the Review of the Health Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2018. https://doi.org/10.17226/24952Goniewicz M.L., Boykan R., Messina C.R., Eliscu A., Tolentino J. High exposure to nicotine among adolescents who use Juul and other vape pod systems (‘pods’). Tob. Control. 2019; 28(6): 676-7. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054565Goniewicz M.L., Boykan R., Messina C.R., Eliscu A., Tolentino J. High exposure to nicotine among adolescents who use Juul and other vape pod systems (‘pods’). Tob. Control. 2019; 28(6): 676–7. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054565Goniewicz M.L., Smith D.M., Edwards K.C., Blount B.C., Caldwell K.L., Feng J., et al.Comparison of nicotine and toxicant exposure in users of electronic cigarettes and combustible cigarettes. JAMA Netw. Open. 2018; 1(8): e185937. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.5937Goniewicz M.L., Smith D.M., Edwards K.C., Blount B.C., Caldwell K.L., Feng J., et al. Comparison of nicotine and toxicant exposure in users of electronic cigarettes and combustible cigarettes. JAMA Netw. Open. 2018; 1(8): e185937. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.5937Soneji S. Errors in data input in Meta-analysis on association between initial use of e-cigarettes and subsequent cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults. JAMA Pediatr. 2018; 172(1): 92-3. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.4200Soneji S. Errors in data input in Meta-analysis on association between initial use of e-cigarettes and subsequent cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults. JAMA Pediatr. 2018; 172(1): 92–3. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.4200Schober W., Szendrei K., Matzen W., Osiander-Fuchs H., Heitmann D., Schettgen T., et al. Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) impairs indoor air quality and increases FeNO levels of e-cigarette consumers.Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. 2014; 217(6): 628-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.11.003Schober W., Szendrei K., Matzen W., Osiander-Fuchs H., Heitmann D., Schettgen T., et al. Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) impairs indoor air quality and increases FeNO levels of e-cigarette consumers. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. 2014; 217(6): 628–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.11.003Demissie Z., Jones S.E., Clayton H.B., King B.A. Adolescent risk behaviors and use of electronic vapor products and cigarettes. Pediatrics. 2017; 139(2): e20162921. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-2921Demissie Z., Jones S.E., Clayton H.B., King B.A. Adolescent risk behaviors and use of electronic vapor products and cigarettes. Pediatrics. 2017; 139(2): e20162921. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-2921McCabe S.E., West B.T., Veliz P., Boyd C.J. E-cigarette use, cigarette smoking, dual use, and problem behaviors among U.S. Adolescents: Results from a National Survey. J. Adolesc. Health. 2017; 61(2): 155-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.02.004McCabe S.E., West B.T., Veliz P., Boyd C.J. E-cigarette use, cigarette smoking, dual use, and problem behaviors among U.S. Adolescents: Results from a National Survey. J. Adolesc. Health. 2017; 61(2): 155–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.02.004Kristjansson A.L., Mann M.J., Sigfusdottir I.D. Licit and illicit substance use by adolescent e-cigarette users compared with conventional cigarette smokers, dual users, and nonusers. J. Adolesc. Health. 2015; 57(5): 562-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.07.014Kristjansson A.L., Mann M.J., Sigfusdottir I.D. Licit and illicit substance use by adolescent e-cigarette users compared with conventional cigarette smokers, dual users, and nonusers. J. Adolesc. Health. 2015; 57(5): 562–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.07.014Hutzler C., Paschke M., Kruschinski S., Henkler F., Hahn J., Luch A. Chemical hazards present in liquids and vapors of electronic cigarettes. Arch. Toxicol. 2014; 88(7): 1295-308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-014-1294-7Hutzler C., Paschke M., Kruschinski S., Henkler F., Hahn J., Luch A. Chemical hazards present in liquids and vapors of electronic cigarettes. Arch. Toxicol. 2014; 88(7): 1295–308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-014-1294-7Hahn J., Monakhova Y.B., Hengen J., Kohl-Himmelseher M., Schüssler J., Hahn H., et al. Electronic cigarettes: overview of chemical composition and exposure estimation. Tob. Induc. Dis. 2014; 12(1): 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12971-014-0023-6Hahn J., Monakhova Y.B., Hengen J., Kohl-Himmelseher M., Schüssler J., Hahn H., et al. Electronic cigarettes: overview of chemical composition and exposure estimation. Tob. Induc. Dis. 2014; 12(1): 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12971-014-0023-6American Cancer Society. What Do We Know About E-cigarettes? 2021. Available at: https://www.cancer.org/healthy/stay-away-from-tobacco/e-cigarettes-vaping/what-do-we-know-about-e-cigarettes.htmlAmerican Cancer Society. What Do We Know About E-cigarettes? 2021. Available at: https://www.cancer.org/healthy/stay-away-from-tobacco/e-cigarettes-vaping/what-do-we-know-about-e-cigarettes.htmlKienhuis A.S., Soeteman-Hernandez L.G., Bos P.M.J., Cremers H.W., Klerx W.N., Talhout R., et al. Potential harmful health effects of inhaling nicotine-free shisha-pen vapor: a chemical risk assessment of the main components propylene glycol and glycerol. Tob. Induc. Dis. 2015; 13(1): 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12971-015-0038-7Kienhuis A.S., Soeteman-Hernandez L.G., Bos P.M.J., Cremers H.W., Klerx W.N., Talhout R., et al. Potential harmful health effects of inhaling nicotine-free shisha-pen vapor: a chemical risk assessment of the main components propylene glycol and glycerol. Tob. Induc. Dis. 2015; 13(1): 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12971-015-0038-7Schweitzer R.J., Wills T.A., Tam E., Pagano I., Choi K. E-cigarette use and asthma in a multiethnic sample of adolescents. Prev. Med. 2017; 105: 226-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.09.023Schweitzer R.J., Wills T.A., Tam E., Pagano I., Choi K. E-cigarette use and asthma in a multiethnic sample of adolescents. Prev. Med. 2017; 105: 226–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.09.023Wieslander G., Norback D., Lindgren T. Experimental exposure to propylene glycol mist in aviation emergency training: acute ocular and respiratory effects. Occup. Environ. Med. 2001; 58(10): 649-55. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.58.10.649Wieslander G., Norback D., Lindgren T. Experimental exposure to propylene glycol mist in aviation emergency training: acute ocular and respiratory effects. Occup. Environ. Med. 2001; 58(10): 649–55. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.58.10.649Behar R.Z., Davis B., Wang Y., Bahl V., Lin S., Talbot P. Identification of toxicants in cinnamon-flavored electronic cigarette refill fluids. Toxicol. In Vitro. 2014; 28(2): 198-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2013.10.006Behar R.Z., Davis B., Wang Y., Bahl V., Lin S., Talbot P. Identification of toxicants in cinnamon-flavored electronic cigarette refill fluids. Toxicol. In Vitro. 2014; 28(2): 198–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2013.10.006Pinkston R., Zaman H., Hossain E., Penn A.L., Noël A. Cell-specific toxicity of short-term JUUL aerosol exposure to human bronchial epithelial cells and murine macrophages exposed at the air-liquid interface. Respir. Res. 2020; 21(1): 269. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-020-01539-1Pinkston R., Zaman H., Hossain E., Penn A.L., Noël A. Cell-specific toxicity of short-term JUUL aerosol exposure to human bronchial epithelial cells and murine macrophages exposed at the air-liquid interface. Respir. Res. 2020; 21(1): 269. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-020-01539-1Amrock S.M., Lee L., Weitzman M. Perceptions of e-Cigarettes and noncigarette tobacco products among US Youth. Pediatrics. 2016; 138(5): e20154306. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-4306Amrock S.M., Lee L., Weitzman M. Perceptions of e-Cigarettes and noncigarette tobacco products among US Youth. Pediatrics. 2016; 138(5): e20154306. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-4306Comer D.M., Elborn J.S., Ennis M. Inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of acrolein, nicotine, a cetylaldehyde and cigarette smoke extract on human nasal epithelial cells. BMC Pulm. Med. 2014; 14: 32. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2466-14-32Comer D.M., Elborn J.S., Ennis M. Inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of acrolein, nicotine, a cetylaldehyde and cigarette smoke extract on human nasal epithelial cells. BMC Pulm. Med. 2014; 14: 32. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2466-14-32Bhatnagar A., Whitsel L.P., Ribisl K.M., Bullen C., Chaloupka F., Piano M.R., et al. Electronic Cigarettes. A policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2014; 130(16): 1418-36. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000107Bhatnagar A., Whitsel L.P., Ribisl K.M., Bullen C., Chaloupka F., Piano M.R., et al. Electronic Cigarettes. A policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2014; 130(16): 1418–36. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000107Herrington J.S., Myers C. Electronic cigarette solutions and resultant aerosol profiles. J. Chromatogr. A. 2015; 1418: 192-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.034Herrington J.S., Myers C. Electronic cigarette solutions and resultant aerosol profiles. J. Chromatogr. A. 2015; 1418: 192–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.034Williams M., Villarreal A., Bozhilov K., Lin S., Talbot P. Metal and silicate particles including nanoparticles are present in electronic cigarette cartomizer fluid and aerosol. PLoS One. 2013; 8(3): e57987. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057987Williams M., Villarreal A., Bozhilov K., Lin S., Talbot P. Metal and silicate particles including nanoparticles are present in electronic cigarette cartomizer fluid and aerosol. PLoS One. 2013; 8(3): e57987. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057987Patnode C.D., Henderson J.T., Thompson J.H., Senger C.A., Fortmann S.P., Whitlock E.P., et al. Behavioral counseling and pharmacotherapy interventions for tobacco cessation in adults, including pregnant women: a review of reviews for the U.S. preventive services task force. Ann.Intern. Med. 2015; 163(8): 608-21. https://doi.org/10.7326/M15-0171Patnode C.D., Henderson J.T., Thompson J.H., Senger C.A., Fortmann S.P., Whitlock E.P., et al. Behavioral counseling and pharmacotherapy interventions for tobacco cessation in adults, including pregnant women: a review of reviews for the U.S. preventive services task force. Ann. Intern. Med. 2015; 163(8): 608–21. https://doi.org/10.7326/M15-0171Nocella C., Biondi-Zoccai G., Sciarretta S., Peruzzi M., Pagano F., Loffredoet L., et al. Impact of tobacco versus electronic cigarette smoking on platelet function. Am. J. Cardiol. 2018; 122(9): 1477-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.07.029Nocella C., Biondi-Zoccai G., Sciarretta S., Peruzzi M., Pagano F., Loffredoet L., et al. Impact of tobacco versus electronic cigarette smoking on platelet function. Am. J. Cardiol. 2018; 122(9): 1477–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.07.029Higham A., Rattray N.J.W., Dewhurst J.A., Trivedi D.K., Fowler S.J., Goodacreet R., et al. Electronic cigarette exposure triggers neutrophil inflammatory responses. Respir. Res. 2016; 17(1): 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-016-0368-xHigham A., Rattray N.J.W., Dewhurst J.A., Trivedi D.K., Fowler S.J., Goodacreet R., et al. Electronic cigarette exposure triggers neutrophil inflammatory responses. Respir. Res. 2016; 17(1): 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-016-0368-xAntoniewicz L., Bosson J.A., Kuhl J., Abdel-Halim S.M., Kiessling A., Mobarrez F., et al. Electronic cigarettes increase endothelial progenitor cells in the blood of healthy volunteers. Atherosclerosis. 2016; 255: 179-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.09.064Antoniewicz L., Bosson J.A., Kuhl J., Abdel-Halim S.M., Kiessling A., Mobarrez F., et al. Electronic cigarettes increase endothelial progenitor cells in the blood of healthy volunteers. Atherosclerosis. 2016; 255: 179–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.09.064Carnevale R., Sciarretta S., Violi F., Nocella C., Loffredo L., Perri L., et al. Acute impact of tobacco vs electronic cigarette smoking on oxidative stress and vascular function. Chest. 2016; 150(3): 606-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2016.04.012Carnevale R., Sciarretta S., Violi F., Nocella C., Loffredo L., Perri L., et al. Acute impact of tobacco vs electronic cigarette smoking on oxidative stress and vascular function. Chest. 2016; 150(3): 606–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2016.04.012Vlachopoulos C., Ioakeimidis N., Abdelrasoul M., Terentes-Printzios D., Georgakopoulos C., Pietri P., et al. Electronic cigarette smoking increases aortic stiffness and blood pressure in young smokers. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2016; 67(23): 2802-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2016.03.569Vlachopoulos C., Ioakeimidis N., Abdelrasoul M., Terentes-Printzios D., Georgakopoulos C., Pietri P., et al. Electronic cigarette smoking increases aortic stiffness and blood pressure in young smokers. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2016; 67(23): 2802–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2016.03.569Von Hundelshausen P., Schmitt M.M. Platelets and their chemokines in atherosclerosis-clinical applications. Front. Physiol. 2014; 5: 294. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00294Von Hundelshausen P., Schmitt M.M. Platelets and their chemokines in atherosclerosis-clinical applications. Front. Physiol. 2014; 5: 294. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00294Golli N.E., Dallagi Y., Rahali D., Rejeb I., Fazaa S.E. Neurobehavioral assessment following e-cigarette refill liquid exposure in adult rats. Toxicol. Mech. Methods. 2016; 26(6): 435-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376516.2016.1193585Golli N.E., Dallagi Y., Rahali D., Rejeb I., Fazaa S.E. Neurobehavioral assessment following e-cigarette refill liquid exposure in adult rats. Toxicol. Mech. Methods. 2016; 26(6): 435–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376516.2016.1193585Алехина А.В., Зенцова Е.А., Иванова П.С. Особенности буккального эпителия у курильщиков электронных сигарет. В кн.: Материалы IV Всероссийской научной конференции студентов и молодых ученых с международным участием XIV областной фестиваль «Молодые ученые - развитию Ивановской области». Иваново; 2018: 339-41Alekhina A.V., Zentsova E.A., Ivanova P.S. Features of buccal epithelium in e-cigarette smokers. In: Materials of the IV All-Russian Scientific Conference of students and young scientists with international participation of the XIV regional festival «Young scientists – development of the Ivanovo region» [Materialy IV Vserossiyskoy nauchnoy konferentsii studentov i molodykh uchenykh s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem XIV oblastnoy festival’ «Molodye uchenye – razvitiyu Ivanovskoy oblasti»]. Ivanovo; 2018: 339–41. (in Russian)Figueredo C.A., Abdelhay N., Figueredo C.M., Catunda R., Gibson M.P. The impact of vaping on periodontitis: A systematic review. Clin. Exp. Dent. Res. 2021; 7(3): 376-84. https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.360Figueredo C.A., Abdelhay N., Figueredo C.M., Catunda R., Gibson M.P. The impact of vaping on periodontitis: A systematic review. Clin. Exp. Dent. Res. 2021; 7(3): 376–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.360Münzel T., Hahad O., Kuntic M., Keaney J.F., Deanfield J.E., Daiber A., et al. Effects of tobacco cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and waterpipe smoking on endothelial function and clinical outcomes. Eur. Heart J. 2020; 41(41): 4057-70. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa460Münzel T., Hahad O., Kuntic M., Keaney J.F., Deanfield J.E., Daiber A., et al. Effects of tobacco cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and waterpipe smoking on endothelial function and clinical outcomes. Eur. Heart J. 2020; 41(41): 4057–70. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa460Javelle E. Electronic cigarette and vaping should be discouraged during the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Arch. Toxicol. 2020; 94(6): 2261-2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02744-zJavelle E. Electronic cigarette and vaping should be discouraged during the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Arch. Toxicol. 2020; 94(6): 2261–2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02744-z

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.