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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rosped</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский педиатрический журнал имени М.Я. Студеникина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>M.Ya. Studenikin Russian Pediatric Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><publisher><publisher-name>ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46563/1560-9561-2023-26-5-314-320</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">bvdtsd</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rosped-362</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клиническая шкала оценки рисков развития осложнений у кардиохирургических пациентов детского возраста</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical scale for assessing the risks of complications in pediatric cardiac surgery patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7512-3991</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сарсенбаева</surname><given-names>Гульжан Искендировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sarsenbaeva</surname><given-names>Gulzhan I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, кардиохирург, «Научный центр педиатрии и детской хирургии» Минздрава Республики Казахстан.</p><p>e-mail: gulzhan75@mail.ru</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, сardiac surgeon, Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Almaty, 150045, Republic of Kazakhstan.</p><p>e-mail: gulzhan75@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gulzhan75@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7717-4971</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бердибеков</surname><given-names>Алмас Бекбулатович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berdibekov</surname><given-names>Almas В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кардиохирург, зав. отделением детской кардиохирургии и интервенционной кардиологии, Научный центр педиатрии и детской хирургии, Алматы, Казахстан</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научный центр педиатрии и детской хирургии Минздрава Республики Казахстан</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>314</fpage><lpage>320</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сарсенбаева Г.И., Бердибеков А.Б., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сарсенбаева Г.И., Бердибеков А.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sarsenbaeva G.I., Berdibekov A.В.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rosped.ru/jour/article/view/362">https://www.rosped.ru/jour/article/view/362</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Стратификация периоперационных рисков имеет особое значение для педиатрической кардиохирургической практики. Существующие индексы оценки сопутствующих форм патологии, осложняющих течение послеоперационного периода и увеличивающих смертность, имеют недостаточное значение при корректировке риска у детей. Несмотря на попытки предсказать периоперационную смертность и развитие осложнений после операции на сердце у взрослых, объективная модель для прогнозирования рисков у детей не разработана.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: провести анализ частоты и структуры сопутствующих заболеваний и состояний у детей с кардиохирургической патологией для определения периоперационных рисков формирования осложнений и разработки эффективной системы их прогнозирования.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведён комплексный анализ 500 кардиохирургических пациентов, госпитализированных в 2017–2023 гг., и данных аутопсии 350 пациентов с врождёнными пороками сердца. Все больные дети были комплексно обследованы в условиях кардиохирургического стационара.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Разработана оригинальная классификация часто встречающихся у кардиохирургических пациентов детского возраста сопутствующих заболеваний и создана стратификационная шкала коморбидности. Показана высокая частота сопутствующей патологии у 70% кардиохирургических пациентов, определено её влияние на дооперационную и послеоперационную тактику ведения, сроки операции, развитие осложнений и финансовые риски. Наряду с кардиохирургической шкалой Аристотеля разработанная нами система оценки хирургических рисков на основе сопутствующей патологии улучшает информированность родителей больных детей о прогнозах и рисках операций на сердце и сосудах.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Анализ сосуществования экстракардиальных врождённых пороков, генетических аномалий и синдромов, нарушений обмена веществ может существенно влиять на хирургические и терапевтические стратегии и исходы лечения кардиохирургических пациентов детского возраста. Раннее выявление детей с высоким риском осложнений и летального исхода с использованием стратификационной шкалы коморбидности способствует улучшению прогнозирования результатов лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов:Сарсенбаева Г.И. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала, написание и редактирование текста;Бердибеков А.Б. — сбор и обработка материала.Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила 20</title><p>Поступила 20.07.2023Принята к печати 12.09.2023Опубликована 31.10.2023</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The issue of the stratification of the perioperative risk has an evolutionary character for pediatric cardiac surgery. Mortality-based comorbidity indices worldwide have had mixed success in adjusting for risk in children. Despite numerous attempts to predict perioperative mortality and complications after cardiac surgery in adults, an objective model for predicting risks in children has not been developed. The purpose of the study: to analyze the frequency and structure of comorbidities and conditions in children with cardiac surgical pathology in order to assess the perioperative risks of complications and implement their own prognostic risk scale.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A comprehensive analysis of five hundred cardiac surgery patients hospitalized in the Department of Cardiac Surgery for the period of 2017–2023 was carried out, and there was studied the autopsy material of 350 patients with congenital heart defects according to the pathoanatomical bureau. Patients underwent standard research methods: echocardiography, chest X-ray, neurosonography and abdominal ultrasound, clinical and laboratory studies, blood for IUI, for procalcitonin, immunogram, angiocardiography, CT and MRI according to indications, bacteriological studies of smears, plain radiography of the abdominal cavity in the standard positions, trepanobiopsy, and genetic studies according to indications.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A classification of common comorbidities in pediatric cardiac surgery patients is presented and a stratification scale of comorbidity is developed. A high incidence of comorbidity in cardiac surgery patients (70%) and its impact on preoperative and postoperative management, timing of surgery and the development of complications, and financial risks are shown. It is shown that, along with the Aristotle cardiac surgical scale, the surgical risk assessment based on comorbidity developed by us improves the awareness of patients’ parents about the prognosis and risks of heart and vascular surgery.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Evaluation of the role of the coexistence of extracardiac congenital malformations, genetic anomalies and syndromes, metabolic diseases in cardiac surgical patients can significantly affect surgical and therapeutic strategies and outcomes. Early identification of children at high risk of complications and death through the use of different stratification scales can lead to improved treatment outcomes.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution:Sarsenbayeva G.I. — concept and design of the study, writing the text;Berdibekov A.B. — collection and processing of the material.All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgment</title><p>Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: July 20, 2023Accepted: September 12, 2023Published: October 31, 2023</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врождённые пороки сердца</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>кардиохирургия</kwd><kwd>экстракардиальные заболевания</kwd><kwd>стратификационная шкала коморбидности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>congenital heart defects</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>cardiac surgery</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>extracardiac diseases</kwd><kwd>stratification scale of comorbidity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carrascal Y., Guerrero A.L. Neurological damage related to cardiac surgery: pathophysiology, diagnostic tools and prevention strategies. Using actual knowledge for planning the future. 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