<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rosped</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский педиатрический журнал имени М.Я. Студеникина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>M.Ya. Studenikin Russian Pediatric Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><publisher><publisher-name>ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46563/1560-9561-2023-26-6-430-435</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">egwjrw</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rosped-383</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ассоциации полиморфизмов гена рецептора витамина D с идиопатической гиперкальциурией у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Associations of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism with idiopathic hypercalciuria in children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8586-1330</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Строзенко</surname><given-names>Людмила Анатольевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Strozenko</surname><given-names>Ludmila A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, директор Института педиатрии ФГБОУ ВО АГМУ Минздрава России, проф. каф. пропедевтики детских болезней</p><p>e-mail: strozen@mail.ru</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci., Director of the Institute of Pediatrics, Professor of the Department of Propaedeutics of Children Diseases</p><p>e-mail: strozen@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">strozen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0944-5949</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михеева</surname><given-names>Наталия Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Micheeva</surname><given-names>Nataliya M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, доцент каф. пропедевтики детских болезней ФГБОУ ВО АГМУ Минздрава России</p><p>e-mail: micheeva.1974@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">micheeva.1974@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-1604</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобанов</surname><given-names>Юрий Федорович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobanov</surname><given-names>Yuriy F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, проф., зав. каф. пропедевтики детских болезней ФГБОУ ВО АГМУ Минздрава России</p><p>e-mail: luf@list.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">luf@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8101-103X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зверев</surname><given-names>Яков Федорович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zverev</surname><given-names>Yakov F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, проф. каф. фармакологии им. проф. В.М. Брюханова ФГБОУ ВО АГМУ Минздрава России</p><p>e-mail: zveryasha@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zveryasha@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1878-7502</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Текутьева</surname><given-names>Надежда Анатольевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tekuteva</surname><given-names>Nadezhda A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. мед. наук, доцент, зав. соматико-педиатрическим отделением КГБУЗ Детская городская больница № 1, г. Барнаул</p><p>e-mail: tekuteva.n@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tekuteva.n@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Алтайский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Altai State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>КГБУЗ «Детская городская больница № 1</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Children’s Municipal Hospital No. 1</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>430</fpage><lpage>435</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Строзенко Л.А., Михеева Н.М., Лобанов Ю.Ф., Зверев Я.Ф., Текутьева Н.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Строзенко Л.А., Михеева Н.М., Лобанов Ю.Ф., Зверев Я.Ф., Текутьева Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Strozenko L.A., Micheeva N.M., Lobanov Y.F., Zverev Y.F., Tekuteva N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rosped.ru/jour/article/view/383">https://www.rosped.ru/jour/article/view/383</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Идиопатическая гиперкальциурия (ИГ) является одним из частых метаболических нарушений у детей и может приводить к развитию мочекаменной болезни (МКБ) в детском возрасте. В связи с этим определение этиологии этих форм патологии может способствовать профилактике формирования ИГ и снижению риска МКБ у детей.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: определить изменения ассоциаций полиморфизмов гена рецептора витамина D (VDR) при ИГ у детей и их родст­венников I и II линии родства.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Обследовано 68 больных, из них 35 детей в возрасте 3–17 лет с выявленной ИГ и 33 родственника 1-й и 2-й линий родства с ИГ и МКБ. Оценку статуса витамина D проводили с помощью определения общего 25-ОН-D в сыворотке крови больных и условно здоровых лиц по международным стандартам (DEQAS, NIST). Выполнено генетическое исследование на наличие полиморфизмов VDR: BsmI Polymorphism IVS10+283G&gt;A, A-3731G (Cdx2), FokI Polymorphism; Ex4+4T&gt;C. Для сравнения частоты встречаемости генотипов VDR были взяты выборки условно здоровых лиц, постоянно проживающих в Кемерово, и уроженцев европейской части России. По гену VDR G283A (BsmI) здоровая выборка составила 232 человека из Кемерово и 96 — из европейской части России, по гену VDR A-3731G — 269 и 243 человека, по гену VDR FokI TC — 172 и 96 человек соответственно.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Уменьшение содержания 25(ОН)D в крови менее 30 нг/мл выявлено у 33 (48,5%) детей с ИГ. Уровень 25(ОН)D в крови ниже 20 нг/мл определялся у 15 (22,1%) пациентов. У пациентов с ИГ и уровнем 25(ОН)D в крови менее 20 нг/мл гомозиготный вариант 283GG гена VDR (BsmI) встречался у 20% обследованных против 51% (р = 0,028) условно здоровых лиц. Гетерозиготный генотип 283GА гена VDR (BsmI) определялся у 73,3% пациентов с ИГ против 41,7% условно здоровых лиц (р = 0,027). Гетерозиготный генотип Ex4+4ТC гена VDR Fokl фиксировался у 66,7% обследованных с ИГ и низким уровнем витамина D в сыворотке крови (&lt; 20 нг/мл) при сравнении с уровнем у условно здоровых лиц (р = 0,030). У больных с низким уровнем витамина D на фоне ИГ доля минорного аллеля 283А гена VDR (BsmI) определялась значительно чаще, чем у здоровых лиц (р = 0,044).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У детей с ИГ с высокой частотой определяется носительство гетерозиготного генотипа 283GA гена VDR (BsmI) и гетерозиготного генотипа Ex4+4ТC гена VDR Fokl. Низкий уровень витамина D в сыворотке крови (&lt; 20 нг/мл) ассоциирован с носительством гетерозиготного генотипа ТC гена VDR Fokl. Риск развития МКБ у детей с ИГ возрастает при носительстве гетерозиготного генотипа 283GA гена VDR (BsmI). Выявлены значимые связи полиморфизмов VDR с ИГ и дефицитом уровня 25(ОН)D в сыворотке крови у детей.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов:Строзенко Л.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, статистическая обработка данных; написание текста;Михеева Н.М. — сбор и обработка материала, написание текста;Лобанов Ю.Ф., Зверев Я.Ф. — редактирование;Текутьева Н.А. — сбор и обработка материала.Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование проводилось в рамках гранта губернатора Алтайского края в сфере медицинской профилактики, реабилитации и здоровьесбережения населения (соглашение № 3 от 30.11.2022). Регистрационный номер гранта в ЕГИСУ НИОКТР 123062600011-6.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.</p></sec><sec><title>Поступила 19</title><p>Поступила 19.10.2023Принята к печати 28.11.2023Опубликована 27.12.2023</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) is one of the most common metabolic disorders in children and can lead to the development of urolithiasis over childhood. In this regard, studying the etiology of this pathological condition will help to prevent the development of IH and reduce the risk of developing urolithiasis.</p></sec><sec><title>Study purpose</title><p>Study purpose: to study the role of genetic polymorphisms of the VDR gene in the development of IH in children and their relatives of the first and second lines of kinship.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included 68 people, including 35 children aged of 3 to 17 years with identified hypercalciurine and 33 first- and second-line relatives with IH and urolithiasis. A study of the level of 25-OH vitamin D in blood plasma and a genetic study for the presence of polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor gene VDR were carried  out including: BsmI Polymorphism IVS10+283G&gt;A, A-3731G (Cdx2), FokI Polymorphism; Ex4+4T&gt;C. To compare the frequency of occurrence of vitamin D receptor (VDR) genotypes, samples of conditionally healthy individuals permanently residing in Kemerovo and natives of the European part of the Russian Federation were taken. At the same time, for the VDR G283A (BsmI) gene, a healthy sample consisted of 232 people from Kemerovo and 96 cases from the European part of Russia, for the VDR A-3731G gene — 269 and 243 people, and for the VDR FokI TC gene — 172 and 96 people, respectively. </p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Reducing the content of 25(OH)D in the blood of less than 30 ng/ml was detected in 33 (48.5%) IH children. 25 (OH)D level below 20 ng/ml was detected in 15 (22.1%) patients. In IH patients and level 25(OH)D in the blood of less than 20 ng/ml, the homozygous variant 283 GG of the VDR gene (BsmI) was found in 20% of the examined versus 51% (p = 0.028) of conditionally healthy individuals. The heterozygous genotype of 283 PA of the VDR gene (BsmI) was determined in 73.3% of IH patients versus 41.7% of conditionally healthy individuals (p = 0.027). The heterozygous Ex4+4TC genotype of the VDR Fokl gene was recorded in 66.7% of the examined IH patients and low serum vitamin D levels (&lt; 20 ng/ml) when compared with the level in conditionally healthy individuals (p = 0.030). In patients with low vitamin D levels against IH background, the proportion of the minor allele A 283 of the VDR gene (BsmI) was determined significantly more often than in healthy individuals (p = 0.044).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. A relationship was identified between polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene VDR (polymorphic marker BsmI (rs1544410) of the VDR gene 283G&gt;A; polymorphic marker Fokl (rs2228570) of the VDR gene Ex4+4T&gt;C) with IH and deficiency of 25(OH)D levels in the blood serum of children.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution:Strozenko L.A. — concept, study design, statistical data processing; writing text;Micheeva N.M. — collection and processing of material, statistical data processing, text writing;Lobanov Yu.F., Zverev Ya.F. — editing the text;Tekuteva N.A. — collection and processing of material.All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgment</title><p>Acknowledgment. The study was conducted within the framework of a grant from the Governor of the Altai Territory in the field of medical prevention, rehabilitation and health protection of the population (agreement No. 3 of November 30, 2022). Registration number of the grant in EGISU R&amp;D 123062600011-6.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interests</title><p>Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: October 19, 2023Accepted: November 28, 2023Published: December 27, 2023</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>идиопатическая гиперкальциурия</kwd><kwd>полиморфизмы VDR</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>idiopathic hypercalciuria</kwd><kwd>polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor gene</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pronicka E., Rowińska E., Kulczycka H., Lukaszkiewicz J., Lorenc R., Janas R. Persistent hypercalciuria and elevated 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in children with infantile hypercalcaemia. Pediatr. Nephrol. 1997; 11(1): 2–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004670050221</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pronicka E., Rowińska E., Kulczycka H., Lukaszkiewicz J., Lorenc R., Janas R. Persistent hypercalciuria and elevated 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in children with infantile hypercalcaemia. Pediatr. Nephrol. 1997; 11(1): 2–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004670050221</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nguyen M., Boutignon H., Mallet E., Linglart A., Guillozo H., Jehan F., et al. Infantile hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria: new insights into a vitamin D-dependent mechanism and response to ketoconazole treatment. J. Pediatr. 2010; 157(2): 296–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.02.025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nguyen M., Boutignon H., Mallet E., Linglart A., Guillozo H., Jehan F., et al. Infantile hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria: new insights into a vitamin D-dependent mechanism and response to ketoconazole treatment. J. Pediatr. 2010; 157(2): 296–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.02.025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tebben P.J., Singh R.J., Kumar R. Vitamin D-mediated hypercalcemia: mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment. Endocr. Rev. 2016; 37(5): 521–47. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2016-1070</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tebben P.J., Singh R.J., Kumar R. Vitamin D-mediated hypercalcemia: mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment. Endocr. Rev. 2016; 37(5): 521–47. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2016-1070</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lenherr-Taube N., Young E.J., Furman M., Elia Y., Assor E., Chitayat D., et al. Mild idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia – part 1: biochemical and genetic findings. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2021; 106(10): 2915–37. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab431</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lenherr-Taube N., Young E.J., Furman M., Elia Y., Assor E., Chitayat D., et al. Mild idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia – part 1: biochemical and genetic findings. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2021; 106(10): 2915–37. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab431</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schlingmann K.P. Vitamin D-dependent hypercalcemia. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 2021; 50(4): 729–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2021.08.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schlingmann K.P. Vitamin D-dependent hypercalcemia. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 2021; 50(4): 729–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2021.08.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gorvin C.M. Genetic causes of neonatal and infantile hypercalcaemia. Pediatr. Nephrol. 2022; 37(2): 289–301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-021-05082-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorvin C.M. Genetic causes of neonatal and infantile hypercalcaemia. Pediatr. Nephrol. 2022; 37(2): 289–301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-021-05082-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zheng Z., Wu Y., Wu H., Jin J., Luo Y., Cao S., et al. Clinical heterogeneity and therapeutic options for idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia caused by CYP24A1 pathogenic variant. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 2023; 36(11): 999–1011. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2023-0147</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zheng Z., Wu Y., Wu H., Jin J., Luo Y., Cao S., et al. Clinical heterogeneity and therapeutic options for idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia caused by CYP24A1 pathogenic variant. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 2023; 36(11): 999–1011. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2023-0147</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lau K.K. Clinical manifestations of pediatric idiopathic hypercalciuria. Front. Biosci. (Elite Ed.) 2009; 1(1): 52–9. https://doi.org/10.2741/E6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lau K.K. Clinical manifestations of pediatric idiopathic hypercalciuria. Front. Biosci. (Elite Ed.) 2009; 1(1): 52–9. https://doi.org/10.2741/E6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Михеева Н.М., Выходцева Г.И., Зверев Я.Ф., Лобанов Ю.Ф. Особенности течения идиопатической гиперкальциурии у детей. Анализ клинико-лабораторных проявлений. Нефрология. 2017; 21(4): 68–72. https://doi.org/10.24884/1561-6274-2017-21-4-68-72 https://elibrary.ru/zbhath</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikheeva N.M., Vykhodtseva G.I., Zverev Ya.F., Lobanov Yu.F. Features of the course of idiopathic hypercalciuria in children. Analysis of clinical and laboratory manifestations. Nefrologiya. 2017; 21(4): 68–72. https://doi.org/10.24884/1561-6274-2017-21-4-68-72 https://elibrary.ru/zbhath (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Copelovitch L. Urolithiasis in children. Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 2012; 59(4): 881–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2012.05.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Copelovitch L. Urolithiasis in children. Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 2012; 59(4): 881–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2012.05.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cameron M.A., Sakhaee K., Moe O.W. Nephrolithiasis in children. Pediatr. Nephrol. 2005; 20(11): 1587–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-005-1883-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cameron M.A., Sakhaee K., Moe O.W. Nephrolithiasis in children. Pediatr. Nephrol. 2005; 20(11): 1587–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-005-1883-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arai H., Miyamoto K., Taketani Y., Yamamoto H., Iemori Y., Morita K., et al. A vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in the translation initiation codon: effect on protein activity and relation to bone mineral density in Japanese women. J. Bone Miner Res. 1997; 12(6): 915–21. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.6.915</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arai H., Miyamoto K., Taketani Y., Yamamoto H., Iemori Y., Morita K., et al. A vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in the translation initiation codon: effect on protein activity and relation to bone mineral density in Japanese women. J. Bone Miner Res. 1997; 12(6): 915–21. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.6.915</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Paolis E., Scaglione G.L., De Bonis M., Minucci A., Capoluongo E. CYP24A1 and SLC34A1 genetic defects associated with idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia: from genotype to phenotype. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 2019; 57(11): 1650–67. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2018-1208</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Paolis E., Scaglione G.L., De Bonis M., Minucci A., Capoluongo E. CYP24A1 and SLC34A1 genetic defects associated with idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia: from genotype to phenotype. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 2019; 57(11): 1650–67. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2018-1208</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miyamoto K., Kesterson R.A., Yamamoto H., Taketani Y., Nishiwaki E., Tatsumi S., et al. Structural organization of the human vitamin D receptor chromosomal gene and its promoter. Mol. Endocrinol. 1997; 11(8): 1165–79. https://doi.org/10.1210/mend.11.8.9951</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miyamoto K., Kesterson R.A., Yamamoto H., Taketani Y., Nishiwaki E., Tatsumi S., et al. Structural organization of the human vitamin D receptor chromosomal gene and its promoter. Mol. Endocrinol. 1997; 11(8): 1165–79. https://doi.org/10.1210/mend.11.8.9951</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волков А.Н., Цуркан Е.В. Популяционно-генетическое исследование полиморфизма гена VDR. Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина. 2019; 4(2): 72–7. https://elibrary.ru/hfoalu</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkov A.N., Tsurkan E.V. Population genetic research of the VDR gene polymorphism. Fundamental’naya i klinicheskaya meditsina. 2019; 4(2): 72–7. https://elibrary.ru/hfoalu (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Козлов А.И., Вершубская Г.Г., Негашева М.А. Связь относительного содержания костной ткани с полиморфизмом гена рецептора витамина D. Физиология человека. 2017; 43(3): 96–101. https://doi.org/10.7868/S0131164617030109 https://elibrary.ru/ytmigp</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozlov A.I., Vershubskaya G.G., Negasheva M.A. Association between relative bone mass and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism. Fiziologiya cheloveka. 2017; 43(3): 320–5. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119717030100 https://elibrary.ru/prnygt</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Козлов А.И., Вершубская Г.Г., Негашева М.А. Полиморфизм гена рецептора витамина D (VDR) витамина в выборках населения европейской России и Приуралья. Пермский медицинский журнал. 2016; 33(5): 60–6. https://elibrary.ru/wxhsez</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozlov A.I., Vershubskaya G.G., Negasheva M.A. Polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene in sampling of European Russia and Priuraliye population. Permskiy meditsinskiy zhurnal. 2016; 33(5): 60–6. https://elibrary.ru/wxhsez (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tantravahi U., Wheeler P. Molecular genetic testing for prenatal diagnosis. Clin. Lab. Med. 2003; 23(2): 481–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-2712(03)00035-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tantravahi U., Wheeler P. Molecular genetic testing for prenatal diagnosis. Clin. Lab. Med. 2003; 23(2): 481–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-2712(03)00035-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зверев Я.Ф., Брюханов В.М., Лампатов В.В., Жариков А.Ю. Современные представления о роли физико-химических факторов в патогенезе кальциевого нефролитиаза. Нефрология. 2009; 13(1): 39–50. https://doi.org/10.24884/1561-6274-2009-13-1-39-50 https://elibrary.ru/kpyrzn</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zverev Ya.F., Bryukhanov V.M., Lampatov V.V., Zharikov A.Yu. The current views on the role of physico-chemical factors in pathogenesis of calcium nephrolythiasis. Nefrologiya. 2009; 13(1): 39–50. https://doi.org/10.24884/1561-6274-2009-13-1-39-50 https://elibrary.ru/kpyrzn (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Filus A., Trzmiel A., Kuliczkowska-Płaksej J., Tworowska U., Jedrzejuk D., Milewicz A., et al. Relationship between vitamin D receptor Bsml and Fokl polymorphisms and anthrometric and biochemical parameters describing metabolic syndrome. Aging Male. 2008; 11(3): 134–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/13685530802273426</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filus A., Trzmiel A., Kuliczkowska-Płaksej J., Tworowska U., Jedrzejuk D., Milewicz A., et al. Relationship between vitamin D receptor Bsml and Fokl polymorphisms and anthrometric and biochemical parameters describing metabolic syndrome. Aging Male. 2008; 11(3): 134–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/13685530802273426</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agliardi C., Guerini F.R., Bolognesi E., Zanzottera M., Clerici M. VDR gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and autoimmunity: a narrative review. Biology (Basel). 2023; 12(7): 916. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12070916</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agliardi C., Guerini F.R., Bolognesi E., Zanzottera M., Clerici M. VDR gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and autoimmunity: a narrative review. Biology (Basel). 2023; 12(7): 916. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12070916</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schuch N.J., Garcia V.C., Vivolo S.R., Martini L.A. Relationship between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and the components of metabolic syndrome. Nutr. J. 2013; 12: 96. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-12-96</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schuch N.J., Garcia V.C., Vivolo S.R., Martini L.A. Relationship between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and the components of metabolic syndrome. Nutr. J. 2013; 12: 96. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-12-96</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gross C., Krishnan A.V., Malloy P.J., Eccleshall T.R., Zhao X.Y., Feldman D. The vitamin D receptor gene start codon polymorphism: a functional analysis of FokI variants. J Bone Miner Res. 1998; 13(11): 1691–9. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.11.1691</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gross C., Krishnan A.V., Malloy P.J., Eccleshall T.R., Zhao X.Y., Feldman D. The vitamin D receptor gene start codon polymorphism: a functional analysis of FokI variants. J Bone Miner Res. 1998; 13(11): 1691–9. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.11.1691</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haynes E.N., Kalkwarf H.J., Hornung R., Wenstrup R., Dietrich K., Lanphear B.P. Vitamin D receptor Fok1 polymorphism and blood lead concentration in children. Environ. Health Perspect. 2003; 111(13): 1665–9. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6167</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haynes E.N., Kalkwarf H.J., Hornung R., Wenstrup R., Dietrich K., Lanphear B.P. Vitamin D receptor Fok1 polymorphism and blood lead concentration in children. Environ. Health Perspect. 2003; 111(13): 1665–9. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6167</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bao L., Chen M., Lei Y., Zhou Z., Shen H., Le F. Association between vitamin D receptor Bsml polymorphism and bone mineral density in pediatric patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review of observational studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017; 96(17): e6718. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000006718</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bao L., Chen M., Lei Y., Zhou Z., Shen H., Le F. Association between vitamin D receptor Bsml polymorphism and bone mineral density in pediatric patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review of observational studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017; 96(17): e6718. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000006718</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benito L.A.O., Kogawa E.M., Silva C.M.S., Melo F.F., Sales-Peres S.H.C., Silva I.C.R.D., et al. Bariatric surgery and vitamin D: trends in older women and association with clinical features and VDR gene polymorphisms. Nutrients. 2023; 15(4): 799. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15040799</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benito L.A.O., Kogawa E.M., Silva C.M.S., Melo F.F., Sales-Peres S.H.C., Silva I.C.R.D., et al. Bariatric surgery and vitamin D: trends in older women and association with clinical features and VDR gene polymorphisms. Nutrients. 2023; 15(4): 799. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15040799</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gennari L., Becherini L., Mansani R., Masi L., Falchetti A., Morelli A., et al. FokI polymorphism at translation initiation site of the vitamin D receptor gene predicts bone mineral density and vertebral fractures in postmenopausal Italian women. J. Bone Miner. Res. 1999; 14(8): 1379–86. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.8.1379</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gennari L., Becherini L., Mansani R., Masi L., Falchetti A., Morelli A., et al. FokI polymorphism at translation initiation site of the vitamin D receptor gene predicts bone mineral density and vertebral fractures in postmenopausal Italian women. J. Bone Miner. Res. 1999; 14(8): 1379–86. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.8.1379</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tebben P.J., Singh R.J., Kumar R. Vitamin D-mediated hypercalcemia: mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment. Endocr. Rev. 2016; 37(5): 521–47. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2016-1070</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tebben P.J., Singh R.J., Kumar R. Vitamin D-mediated hypercalcemia: mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment. Endocr. Rev. 2016; 37(5): 521–47. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2016-1070</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hussein M.M., Mohamed E.M., Kamal T.M., Deraz T.E. Increased susceptibility to complicated pneumonia among Egyptian children with FokI (rs2228570), not TaqI (rs731236), vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in association with vitamin D deficiency: a case-control study. BMC Pediatr. 2023; 23(1): 394. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-04192-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hussein M.M., Mohamed E.M., Kamal T.M., Deraz T.E. Increased susceptibility to complicated pneumonia among Egyptian children with FokI (rs2228570), not TaqI (rs731236), vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in association with vitamin D deficiency: a case-control study. BMC Pediatr. 2023; 23(1): 394. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-04192-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu M., Taylor B.V., Körner H. Genomic effects of the vitamin D receptor: potentially the link between vitamin D, immune cells, and multiple sclerosis. Front. Immunol. 2018; 9: 477. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00477</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu M., Taylor B.V., Körner H. Genomic effects of the vitamin D receptor: potentially the link between vitamin D, immune cells, and multiple sclerosis. Front. Immunol. 2018; 9: 477. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00477</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Батурин А.К., Сорокина Е.Ю., Вржесинская О.А., Бекетова Н.А., Сокольников А.А., Кобелькова И.В. и др. Изучение связи генетического полиморфизма rs222850 гена VDR с обеспеченностью витамином D у жителей российской Арктики. Вопросы питания. 2017; 86(4): 77–84. https://doi.org/10.24411/0042-8833-2017-00062 https://elibrary.ru/zftkjl</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baturin A.K., Sorokina E.Yu., Vrzhesinskaya O.A., Beketova N.A., Sokol’nikov A.A., Kobel’kova I.V., et al. The study of the association between rs2228570 polymorphism of VDR gene and vitamin D blood serum concentration in the inhabitants of the Russian Arctic. Voprosy pitaniya. 2017; 86(4): 77–84. https://doi.org/10.24411/0042-8833-2017-00062 https://elibrary.ru/zftkjl (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tourkochristou E., Mouzaki A., Triantos C. Gene polymorphisms and biological effects of vitamin D receptor on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development and progression. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023; 24(9): 8288. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24098288</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tourkochristou E., Mouzaki A., Triantos C. Gene polymorphisms and biological effects of vitamin D receptor on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development and progression. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023; 24(9): 8288. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24098288</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
