rospedРоссийский педиатрический журнал имени М.Я. СтуденикинаM.Ya. Studenikin Russian Pediatric JournalФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России10.46563/1560-9561-2021-24-6-405-413ztdltorosped-395Research ArticleСОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ПЕДИАТРИЯSOCIAL PEDIATRICSБронхиальная астма у детей в Монголии: распространённость и факторы рискаBronchial asthma in children of Mongolia: prevalence and risk factorshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4798-4209ЦэвэгмидУртнсанTsevegmidUrtnasan

Канд. мед. наук, зам. директора Монгольского национального центра здоровья матери и ребёнка, Улан-Батор, Монголия

e-mail: urtnasan.tsevegmid@gmail.com

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Director of the Mongolian National Center for Maternal and Child Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

e-mail: urtnasan.tsevegmid@gmail.com

 

urtnasan.tsevegmid@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4332-6428СолонгоОросооSolongoOrosoo

Магистр мед. наук, детский пульмонолог, ведущий врач, клинический проф., зав. отделением респираторной патологии, Национальный центр здоровья матери и ребенка, Улан-Батор

e-mail: zsolongo@yahoo.com

zsolongo@yahoo.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9557-6349НармандахЖавзандоржNarmandakhJavzandorj

Магистр мед. наук, детский пульмонолог, клинический проф., консультант детской поликлиники, Национальный центр здоровья матери и ребенка, Улан-Батор

e-mail: nar.0329@yahoo.com

nar.0329@yahoo.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7228-1081УндрахАнхбаярUndrahAnkhbayar

Детский пульмонолог, ординатор отделения респираторной патологии, Национальный центр здоровья матери и ребенка, Улан-Батор

e-mail: undrakhdoctor@gmail.com

undrakhdoctor@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6096-6921ОюунчимэгАнчинOyunchimegAnchin

Врач-статистик, педиатр, Национальный центр здоровья матери и ребенка, Улан-Батор

e-mail: aoyun0927@gmail.com

aoyun0927@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9945-3568ГэрэлмааНансалGerelmaaNansal

Врач лабораторного отделения, ст. науч. сотр., Национальный центр здоровья матери и ребенка, Улан-Батор

e-mail: ngerelmaa@yahoo.com

ngerelmaa@yahoo.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0573-9424НасантогтохЭрдэнэбилэгNasantogtohErdenebileg

Исследователь, Национальный центр здоровья матери и ребенка, Улан-Батор

e-mail: nasantogtox.e@gmail.com

nasantogtox.e@gmail.comНациональный центр здоровья матери и ребенкаNational Center for Maternal and Child Health202120022024246405413Copyright © Цэвэгмид У., Солонго О., Нармандах Ж., Ундрах А., Оюунчимэг А., Гэрэлмаа Н., Насантогтох Э., 20242024Цэвэгмид У., Солонго О., Нармандах Ж., Ундрах А., Оюунчимэг А., Гэрэлмаа Н., Насантогтох Э.Tsevegmid U., Solongo O., Narmandakh J., Undrah A., Oyunchimeg A., Gerelmaa N., Nasantogtoh E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rosped.ru/jour/article/view/395Введение

Введение. Монголия интенсивно развивается экономически и находится на этапе перехода к индустриальному обществу. Изменения окружающей среды влияют на здоровье населения.

Цель работы — определить распространённость и факторы риска развития бронхиальной астмы (БА) у детей в Монголии.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Распространённость БА и данные о пациентах в возрасте от рождения до 19 лет, проживающих в Улан-Баторе, 17 аймаках и 6 районах Монголии, были изучены с использованием модифицированного письменного вопросника. Проведено анкетирование родителей и 1779 детей, больных БА. Информация о медико-биологических и социально-гигиенических факторах риска развития БА у детей Монголии была получена после анализа данных специальной анкеты у 1507 школьников. Все полученные данные обработаны статистически.

Результаты

Результаты. Установлено, что распространённость БА у детей Монголии составляет 11 на 1000 детского населения. Самая высокая заболеваемость детей БА была выявлена преимущественно в северных регионах Монголии с резко континентальным климатом и высокой загрязнённостью воздуха. Среди факторов риска формирования БА у детей самыми значимыми являются отягощённая наследственность, курение, неблагоприятные жилищные условия, патология беременности, нарушения вскармливания в периоде новорождённости, нерациональное питание ребёнка, острые респираторные инфекции. У 50% больных БА выявлено значимое увеличение числа эозинофилов, 61,2% больных имели повышенный уровень IgE. Независимо от региона проживания детей с БА самой частой была поливалентная пыльцевая сенсибилизация (59,3% случаев), затем выявлены пищевая аллергия (55,5%), эпидермальная аллергия (38,3%), бытовая (8,3%) и грибковая (5%) сенсибилизация. Лечение 89 детей с БА в стационаре Национального центра здоровья матери и ребёнка в соответствии со стратегией Global Initiative for Asthma способствовало улучшению состояния больных.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов:Цэвегмид У., Солонго О. — концепция и дизайн исследования;Нармандах Ж., Ундрах А., Оюунчимэг А., Гэрэлмаа Н. — сбор и обработка материала;Оюунчимэг А., Насантогтох Э. — статистическая обработка;Цэвегмид У., Насантогтох Э. — написание текста;Цэвегмид У. — редактирование.Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Источник финансирования

Источник финансирования. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы подтверждают отсутствие конфликта интересов.

Поступила 16

Поступила 16.12.2021Принята в печать 17.12.2021Опубликована 29.12.2021

 

 

Introduction

Introduction. The peculiarity of this work is to determine the prevalence of bronchial asthma (BA) in children and the risk factors for its development in Mongolia. This country is intensively developing economically and is at the stage of transition to an industrial society, which allows assessing the impact of environmental and population changes on the frequency of BA formation.

The aim of the work is to determine the prevalence and risk factors for the development of BA in children of Mongolia.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. The prevalence of BA and data on patients aged from birth to 19 years living in Ulaanbaatar, 17 aimags and six districts of Mongolia were studied using a modified written questionnaire. To determine the prevalence of BA, we surveyed parents and 1,779 BA children patients. Information on biomedical and socio-hygienic risk factors for the development of BA in children of Mongolia was obtained after analyzing the data of a special questionnaire from 1,507 schoolchildren. All the received data are processed statistically.

Results

Results. The prevalence of BA in children of Mongolia was found to account for 11 per 1,000 children. The highest incidence of BA in children was found mainly in the northern regions of Mongolia, with a sharply continental climate and high air pollution. Among the risk factors for the formation of BA in children, the most significant are burdened heredity, smoking, unfavourable living conditions, pregnancy pathology, Breastfeeding disorders in the newborn period, irrational nutrition of the child, acute respiratory infections. In 50% of BA patients, a significant increase in eosinophils was revealed. 61.2% of patients had an increased level of IgE. Regardless of the region of residence of BA children, polyvalent pollen sensitization was the most frequent — 59.3%, food allergy — 55.5%, epidermal allergy — 38.3% of cases, household (8.3%) and fungal sensitization (5%) were rarely detected. Treatment of 89 BA children in the National Center for Maternal and Child Health hospital under the Global Initiative for Asthma strategy helped improve patients’ condition.

Contribution

Contribution:Tsevegmid U., Solongo O. — research concept and design of the study;Narmandakh J., Undrah A., Oyunchimeg A., Gerelmaa N. — collection and processing of material;Oyunchimeg A., Nasantogtoh E. — statistical processing;Tsevegmid U., Nasantogtoh E. — text writing;Tsevegmid U. — editing.All coauthors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Acknowledgment

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received

Received: December 16, 2021Accepted: December 17, 2021Published: December 29, 2021

 

 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.