rospedРоссийский педиатрический журнал имени М.Я. СтуденикинаM.Ya. Studenikin Russian Pediatric JournalФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России10.46563/1560-9561-2024-27-1-66-70ewwuxurosped-536Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSЗаболевания и синдромы, сочетающиеся с односторонней агенезией почки у детейDiseases and syndromes associated with unilateral renal agenesis in childrenhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-6120-7009РомашоваАнастасия АлександровнаRomashovaAnastasia A.

Клинический ординатор по специальности «детская урология-андрология» ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России

e-mail: anastasi_romashova@mail.ru

Clinical Resident in Pediatric Urology Andrology Department, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

e-mail: anastasi_romashova@mail.ru

anastasi_romashova@mail.ruФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава РоссииNational Medical Research Center for Children’s Health2024040420242716670Copyright © Ромашова А.А., 20242024Ромашова А.А.Romashova A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rosped.ru/jour/article/view/536

Частота врождённых пороков развития ежегодно увеличивается, при этом в структуре пороков развития мочевой системы нарушения развития одной почки составляют 4–8%. При условии нормального развития контралатерального органа агенезия почки (АгП) клинически не проявляется и обычно выявляется во время профилактического осмотра ребёнка или обследования по поводу сочетанных аномалий развития половой и мочевыделительной систем. АгП формируется при нарушениях межтканевого взаимодействия между зачатком мочеточника и метанефрогенной тканью с 4-й по 8-ю неделю гестации. К этому моменту мезонефральные (вольфовы) протоки уже полностью сформированы, в отличие от парамезонефральных (мюллеровых) протоков, которые развиваются только к 5-й неделе внутриутробного периода, т. е. в период высокого риска возникновения пороков развития мочевыделительной системы. Соответственно аномалии женской половой системы встречаются чаще, чем мужской, с сопутствующей агенезией ипсилатеральной почки. Диагностирование односторонней АгП возможно при выполнении антенатального скрининга или профилактических осмотров в декретированные сроки. У девочек распространёнными аномалиями половых органов являются истинная однорогая матка (65%), двурогая матка с одним рудиментарным рогом (7,3%), атрофия одной маточной трубы и яичника и др. У мальчиков при односторонней АгП семенные пузырьки, предстательная железа и придаток яичка могут быть рудиментарными или отсутствовать.

АгП является составляющей таких генетических синдромов, как синдром OHVIRA, Каллмана, Циннера, Майера–Рокитанского–Кюстера–Хаузера. АгП сочетается с другими врождёнными аномалиями почек и внепочечными аномалиями, включая пороки развития желудочно-кишечного тракта, сердца и скелетно-мышечной системы. Следовательно, дети с АгП должны быть комплексно обследованы для исключения сопутствующих пороков и аномалий развития.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Автор подтверждает отсутствие конфликта интересов.

Поступила 26

Поступила 26.12.2023Принята к печати 30.01.2024Опубликована 28.02.2024

The incidence of congenital malformations is increasing annually, with a single kidney developmental disorder accounting for 4–8% of urinary system malformations. If the contralateral organ is normal, agenesis of the kidney is not clinically apparent and is usually detected during a preventive examination of the child or during an examination for combined anomalies of the genitourinary and urinary system.This pathology occurs due to a disruption of the interstitial interaction between the ureteral bud and the metanephrogenic tissue from  4th to 8th gestation weeks. By this time, the mesonephral (Wolff) ducts are already fully formed, in contrast to the paramesonephral (Müllerian) ducts, which develop only by the 5th week of the intrauterine period, that is, in the period of high risk of malformations of the urinary system. Accordingly, anomalies of the female genital system are more common than those of the male one, with concomitant agenesis of the ipsilateral kidney. Diagnosis of unilateral agenesis of the kidney is possible when performing routine antenatal screening or conducting preventive examinations at decreed dates. In girls, the most common genital anomalies are true unicornuate uterus (65%), bicornuate uterus with one rudimentary horn (7.3%), atrophy of one fallopian tube and ovary, absence or hypoplasia of the vagina, and vaginal doubling. In boys with unilateral agenesis of the kidney, the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and testicular appendage may be rudimentary or absent. Agenesis of the kidney is a component of such genetic syndromes as OHVIRA, Kallman, Zinner, and Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndromes. It is also combined with other congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract and extrarenal anomalies, including mainly malformations of the gastrointestinal tract, heart and musculoskeletal system. Consequently, children with this pathology should be fully screened to rule out associated malformations and anomalies.

Acknowledgement

Acknowledgement. The study had no financial support.

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The author has no conflicts of interest to declare.

Received

Received: December 26, 2023Accepted: January 30, 2024Published: February 28, 2024

обзорагенезия почкигенитальные аномалииэмбриология почекliterature reviewrenal agenesisgenital anomaliesrenal embryologyReferencesJelin A. Renal agenesis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2021; 225(5): B28–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.06.048Jelin A. Renal agenesis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2021; 225(5): B28–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.06.048El Hasbani G., Assaker R., Ahmad Y.J., Parashar K., Thomas G.A., Maurer K., et al. Renal agenesis associated with contralateral ectopic ureter and hydroureteronephrosis. Radiol. Case Rep. 2020; 16(3): 430–2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2020.12.022El Hasbani G., Assaker R., Ahmad Y.J., Parashar K., Thomas G.A., Maurer K., et al. Renal agenesis associated with contralateral ectopic ureter and hydroureteronephrosis. Radiol. Case Rep. 2020; 16(3): 430–2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2020.12.022Acién P., Acién M. Renal agenesis, associated genital malformations, and responsible genes. Fertil. Steril. 2021; 116(5): 1370–1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.08.042Acién P., Acién M. Renal agenesis, associated genital malformations, and responsible genes. Fertil. Steril. 2021; 116(5): 1370–1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.08.042Costigan C.S., Rosenblum N.D. Anatomy and embryology of congenital surgical anomalies: congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. Semin. Pediatr. Surg. 2022; 31(6): 151232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2022.151232Costigan C.S., Rosenblum N.D. Anatomy and embryology of congenital surgical anomalies: congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. Semin. Pediatr. Surg. 2022; 31(6): 151232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2022.151232Chapagain A., Paudel K., Mani Pokhrel S., Prasad Sapkota R. Obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis syndrome: A case report. JNMA J. Nepal Med. Assoc. 2022; 60(250): 562–4. https://doi.org/10.31729/jnma.7444Chapagain A., Paudel K., Mani Pokhrel S., Prasad Sapkota R. Obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis syndrome: A case report. JNMA J. Nepal Med. Assoc. 2022; 60(250): 562–4. https://doi.org/10.31729/jnma.7444Marzuillo P., Polito C. Congenital solitary kidney in childhood: not so bad. Pediatr. Nephrol. 2018; 33(4): 723–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-017-3726-0Marzuillo P., Polito C. Congenital solitary kidney in childhood: not so bad. Pediatr. Nephrol. 2018; 33(4): 723–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-017-3726-0Briosa F., Valsassina R., Mira C., Zagalo A. Zinner and Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndromes: when unilateral renal agenesis meets genital anomalies. BMJ Case Rep. 2019; 12(5): e229034. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-229034Briosa F., Valsassina R., Mira C., Zagalo A. Zinner and Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndromes: when unilateral renal agenesis meets genital anomalies. BMJ Case Rep. 2019; 12(5): e229034. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-229034In ‘t Woud G.S., Westland R., Feitz W.F.J., Roeleveld N., van Wijk J.A.E., van der Zanden L.F.M., et al. Clinical management of children with a congenital solitary functioning kidney: overview and recommendations. Eur. Urol. Open Sci. 2021; 25: 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euros.2021.01.003In ‘t Woud G.S., Westland R., Feitz W.F.J., Roeleveld N., van Wijk J.A.E., van der Zanden L.F.M., et al. Clinical management of children with a congenital solitary functioning kidney: overview and recommendations. Eur. Urol. Open Sci. 2021; 25: 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euros.2021.01.003Marzuillo P., Guarino S., Di Sessa A., Rambaldi P.F., Reginelli A., Vacca G., et al. Congenital solitary kidney from birth to adulthood. J. Urol. 2021; 205(5): 1466–75. https://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000001524Marzuillo P., Guarino S., Di Sessa A., Rambaldi P.F., Reginelli A., Vacca G., et al. Congenital solitary kidney from birth to adulthood. J. Urol. 2021; 205(5): 1466–75. https://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000001524Davidovits M., Cleper R., Eizenberg N., Hocherman O., Mashiach R. Outcomes of prenatally diagnosed solitary functioning kidney during early life. J. Perinatol. 2017; 37(12): 1325–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2017.143Davidovits M., Cleper R., Eizenberg N., Hocherman O., Mashiach R. Outcomes of prenatally diagnosed solitary functioning kidney during early life. J. Perinatol. 2017; 37(12): 1325–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2017.143Fukuoka K., Wilting J., Rodríguez-Vázquez J.F., Murakami G., Ishizawa A., Matsubara A. The embryonic ascent of the kidney revisited. Anat. Rec. (Hoboken). 2019; 302(2): 278–87. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23930Fukuoka K., Wilting J., Rodríguez-Vázquez J.F., Murakami G., Ishizawa A., Matsubara A. The embryonic ascent of the kidney revisited. Anat. Rec. (Hoboken). 2019; 302(2): 278–87. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23930Huber C., Shazly S.A., Blumenfeld Y.J., Jelin E., Ruano R. Update on the prenatal diagnosis and outcomes of fetal bilateral renal agenesis. Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. 2019; 74(5): 298–302. https://doi.org/10.1097/OGX.0000000000000670Huber C., Shazly S.A., Blumenfeld Y.J., Jelin E., Ruano R. Update on the prenatal diagnosis and outcomes of fetal bilateral renal agenesis. Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. 2019; 74(5): 298–302. https://doi.org/10.1097/OGX.0000000000000670Rajaian S., Murugasen L., Jain D., Chakravarthy Narasimhachar S. Müllerianosis of the urinary bladder with unilateral complete renal agenesis: a rare coincidental finding causing delayed presentation. BMJ Case Rep. 2020; 13(7): e235217. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-235217Rajaian S., Murugasen L., Jain D., Chakravarthy Narasimhachar S. Müllerianosis of the urinary bladder with unilateral complete renal agenesis: a rare coincidental finding causing delayed presentation. BMJ Case Rep. 2020; 13(7): e235217. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-235217Güngör T., Yazılıtaş F., Çakıcı E.K., Ekşioğlu A.S., Çelikkaya E., Karakaya D., et al. Retrospective evaluation of children with unilateral renal agenesis. Pediatr. Nephrol. 2021; 36(9): 2847–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-021-05027-6Güngör T., Yazılıtaş F., Çakıcı E.K., Ekşioğlu A.S., Çelikkaya E., Karakaya D., et al. Retrospective evaluation of children with unilateral renal agenesis. Pediatr. Nephrol. 2021; 36(9): 2847–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-021-05027-6Acién P., Acién M. The presentation and management of complex female genital malformations. Hum. Reprod. Update. 2016; 22(1): 48–69. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmv048Acién P., Acién M. The presentation and management of complex female genital malformations. Hum. Reprod. Update. 2016; 22(1): 48–69. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmv048Van Dam, Mark J.C.M., Zegers B.S.H.J., Schreuder M.F. Case report: uterine anomalies in girls with a congenital solitary functioning kidney. Front. Pediatr. 2021; 9: 791499. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.791499Van Dam, Mark J.C.M., Zegers B.S.H.J., Schreuder M.F. Case report: uterine anomalies in girls with a congenital solitary functioning kidney. Front. Pediatr. 2021; 9: 791499. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.791499Pereira N., Stewart J.D., Melnick A.P. Congenital unilateral fallopian tube and renal agenesis in a patient with primary infertility. J. Minim. Invasive Gynecol. 2018; 25(2): 316–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2017.03.020Pereira N., Stewart J.D., Melnick A.P. Congenital unilateral fallopian tube and renal agenesis in a patient with primary infertility. J. Minim. Invasive Gynecol. 2018; 25(2): 316–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2017.03.020Friedman M.A., Aguilar L., Heyward Q., Wheeler C., Caldamone A. Screening for Mullerian anomalies in patients with unilateral renal agenesis: Leveraging early detection to prevent complications. J. Pediatr. Urol. 2018; 14(2): 144–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2018.01.011Friedman M.A., Aguilar L., Heyward Q., Wheeler C., Caldamone A. Screening for Mullerian anomalies in patients with unilateral renal agenesis: Leveraging early detection to prevent complications. J. Pediatr. Urol. 2018; 14(2): 144–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2018.01.011Sorour S., Ferguson C., Wilson M.P., Low G. Unilateral renal agenesis, blind-ended ureter, and ectopic ureterocele inserting into the seminal vesicle: A very rare developmental association. Urol. Case Rep. 2023; 50: 102505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eucr.2023.102505Sorour S., Ferguson C., Wilson M.P., Low G. Unilateral renal agenesis, blind-ended ureter, and ectopic ureterocele inserting into the seminal vesicle: A very rare developmental association. Urol. Case Rep. 2023; 50: 102505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eucr.2023.102505Marzuillo P., Polito C. The dilemma of micturating cystourethrogram for congenital solitary kidney. Pediatr. Nephrol. 2020; 35(7): 1359–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-020-04547-xMarzuillo P., Polito C. The dilemma of micturating cystourethrogram for congenital solitary kidney. Pediatr. Nephrol. 2020; 35(7): 1359–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-020-04547-xGau S.Y., Sheu J.N., Wang X.A., Tsai J.D. Unilateral renal agenesis and contralateral hydroureteronephrosis in a boy with tuberous sclerosis complex. Pediatr. Neonatol. 2023; 64(4): 491–2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.02.004Gau S.Y., Sheu J.N., Wang X.A., Tsai J.D. Unilateral renal agenesis and contralateral hydroureteronephrosis in a boy with tuberous sclerosis complex. Pediatr. Neonatol. 2023; 64(4): 491–2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.02.004Houat A.P., Guimarães C.T.S., Takahashi M.S., Rodi G.P., Gasparetto T.P.D., Blasbalg R., et al. Congenital anomalies of the upper urinary tract: A comprehensive review. Radiographics. 2021; 41(2): 462–86. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2021200078Houat A.P., Guimarães C.T.S., Takahashi M.S., Rodi G.P., Gasparetto T.P.D., Blasbalg R., et al. Congenital anomalies of the upper urinary tract: A comprehensive review. Radiographics. 2021; 41(2): 462–86. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2021200078Plutecki D., Kozioł T., Bonczar M., Ostrowski P., Skorupa A., Matejuk S., et al. Renal agenesis: A meta-analysis of its prevalence and clinical characteristics based on 15 641 184 patients. Nephrology (Carlton). 2023; 28(10): 525–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/nep.14190Plutecki D., Kozioł T., Bonczar M., Ostrowski P., Skorupa A., Matejuk S., et al. Renal agenesis: A meta-analysis of its prevalence and clinical characteristics based on 15 641 184 patients. Nephrology (Carlton). 2023; 28(10): 525–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/nep.14190Lecka-Ambroziak A., Skobejko-Włodarska L., Ruta H. The need for earlier diagnosis of obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis/anomaly (OHVIRA) syndrome in case of renal agenesis in girls-case report and review of the literature. J. Clin. Med. 2023; 12(23): 7284. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12237284Lecka-Ambroziak A., Skobejko-Włodarska L., Ruta H. The need for earlier diagnosis of obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis/anomaly (OHVIRA) syndrome in case of renal agenesis in girls-case report and review of the literature. J. Clin. Med. 2023; 12(23): 7284. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12237284Xu Q., Wu H., Zhou L., Xie J., Zhang W., Yu H., et al. The clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with unilateral renal agenesis. Clin. Exp. Nephrol. 2019; 23(6): 792–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-019-01704-xXu Q., Wu H., Zhou L., Xie J., Zhang W., Yu H., et al. The clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with unilateral renal agenesis. Clin. Exp. Nephrol. 2019; 23(6): 792–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-019-01704-xHutchinson K.A., Halili L., Guerra A., Geier P., Keays M., Guerra L. Renal function in children with a congenital solitary functioning kidney: A systematic review. J. Pediatr. Urol. 2021; 17(4): 556–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2021.03.001Hutchinson K.A., Halili L., Guerra A., Geier P., Keays M., Guerra L. Renal function in children with a congenital solitary functioning kidney: A systematic review. J. Pediatr. Urol. 2021; 17(4): 556–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2021.03.001Gressot G., Huegli S., Wilhelm-Bals A., Ponte B. Solitary kidney: a risk factor for hypertension. Rev. Med. Suisse. 2023; 19(841): 1651–5. https://doi.org/10.53738/REVMED.2023.19.841.1651 (in French)Gressot G., Huegli S., Wilhelm-Bals A., Ponte B. Solitary kidney: a risk factor for hypertension. Rev. Med. Suisse. 2023; 19(841): 1651–5. https://doi.org/10.53738/REVMED.2023.19.841.1651 (in French)Radhakrishna V., Govindarajan K.K., Sambandan K., Jindal B., Naredi B. Solitary functioning kidney in children: clinical implications. J. Bras. Nefrol. 2018; 40(3): 261–5. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-jbn-3942Radhakrishna V., Govindarajan K.K., Sambandan K., Jindal B., Naredi B. Solitary functioning kidney in children: clinical implications. J. Bras. Nefrol. 2018; 40(3): 261–5. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-jbn-3942Kim S., Chang Y., Lee Y.R., Jung H.S., Hyun Y.Y., Lee K.B., et al. Solitary kidney and risk of chronic kidney disease. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 2019; 34(9): 879–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-019-00520-7Kim S., Chang Y., Lee Y.R., Jung H.S., Hyun Y.Y., Lee K.B., et al. Solitary kidney and risk of chronic kidney disease. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 2019; 34(9): 879–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-019-00520-7Moreira A., Carvalho A., Portugal I., Jesus J.M. Complete dorsal pancreatic agenesis and unilateral renal agenesis. Radiol. Case Rep. 2017; 13(1): 68–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2017.10.025Moreira A., Carvalho A., Portugal I., Jesus J.M. Complete dorsal pancreatic agenesis and unilateral renal agenesis. Radiol. Case Rep. 2017; 13(1): 68–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2017.10.025Bhandari A., Mandal S. A case of dorsal agenesis of pancreas associated with unilateral renal agenesis, unicornuate uterus, and ovarian ectopia: A brief review and learning points. Indian J. Radiol. Imaging. 2020; 30(3): 395–9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijri.IJRI_165_19Bhandari A., Mandal S. A case of dorsal agenesis of pancreas associated with unilateral renal agenesis, unicornuate uterus, and ovarian ectopia: A brief review and learning points. Indian J. Radiol. Imaging. 2020; 30(3): 395–9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijri.IJRI_165_19Kim S.J., Shim S.Y., Cho H.H., Park M.H., Lee K.A. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis (OHVIRA) syndrome. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023; 59(4): 703. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59040703Kim S.J., Shim S.Y., Cho H.H., Park M.H., Lee K.A. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis (OHVIRA) syndrome. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023; 59(4): 703. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59040703Malarazhagan V., Veerasingham M., Sivanesan K. Right-sided obstructed hemivagina ipsilateral renal agenesis (OHVIRA): A case report. Case Rep. Womens Health. 2020; 26: e00185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crwh.2020.e00185Malarazhagan V., Veerasingham M., Sivanesan K. Right-sided obstructed hemivagina ipsilateral renal agenesis (OHVIRA): A case report. Case Rep. Womens Health. 2020; 26: e00185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crwh.2020.e00185Алиева К.Х., Кохреидзе Н.А., Сухоцкая А.А., Баиров В.Г., Скрипник А.Ю. Синдром Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich в препубертатном периоде (обзор литературы и клинические наблюдения). Андрология и генитальная хирургия. 2020; 21(4): 60–7. https://doi.org/10.17650 /2070-9781-2020-21-4-60-67 https://elibrary.ru/qfkzweAlieva K.Kh., Kokhreidze N.A., Sukhotskaya A.A., Bairov V.G., Skripnik A.Yu. Herlyn–Werner–Wunderlich syndrome in the prepubescent period (literature review and clinical observations). Andrologiya i genital’naya khirurgiya. 2020; 21(4): 60–7. https://doi.org/10.17650 /2070-9781-2020-21-4-60-67 https://elibrary.ru/qfkzwe (in Russian)Yu J.H., Lee S.R., Choi H., Kim K.S., Kang B.M. A new case of Herlyn–Werner–Wunderlich syndrome: uterine didelphys with unilateral cervical dysgenesis, vaginal agenesis, cervical distal ureteral remnant fistula, ureterocele, and renal agenesis in a patient with contralateral multicystic dysplastic kidney. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021; 12(1): 83. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12010083Yu J.H., Lee S.R., Choi H., Kim K.S., Kang B.M. A new case of Herlyn–Werner–Wunderlich syndrome: uterine didelphys with unilateral cervical dysgenesis, vaginal agenesis, cervical distal ureteral remnant fistula, ureterocele, and renal agenesis in a patient with contralateral multicystic dysplastic kidney. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021; 12(1): 83. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12010083Alnæs M., Melle K.O. Kallmann syndrome. Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen. 2019; 139(17). https://doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.19.0370Alnæs M., Melle K.O. Kallmann syndrome. Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen. 2019; 139(17). https://doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.19.0370Zeng W., Li J., Wang X., Jiang F., Men M. ANOS1 variants in a large cohort of Chinese patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2022; 47(7): 847–57. https://doi.org/10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2022.220071Zeng W., Li J., Wang X., Jiang F., Men M. ANOS1 variants in a large cohort of Chinese patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2022; 47(7): 847–57. https://doi.org/10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2022.220071Abakar D., Badi F.E., Sabiri M., El Manjra S., Lezar S., Essodegui F. Zinner syndrome. Eur. J. Case Rep. Intern. Med. 2021; 8(7): 002628. https://doi.org/10.12890/2021_002628Abakar D., Badi F.E., Sabiri M., El Manjra S., Lezar S., Essodegui F. Zinner syndrome. Eur. J. Case Rep. Intern. Med. 2021; 8(7): 002628. https://doi.org/10.12890/2021_002628Kumar S., G K.I., Khalil-Khan A., Arul Pitchai A.D.P., Sathiamoorthy R., Raju E. Zinner syndrome. Cureus. 2022; 14(11): e31308. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.31308Kumar S., G K.I., Khalil-Khan A., Arul Pitchai A.D.P., Sathiamoorthy R., Raju E. Zinner syndrome. Cureus. 2022; 14(11): e31308. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.31308Bearrick E.N., Husmann D.A. Screening for Zinner syndrome in patients with a congenitally solitary kidney: lessons learned. J. Urol. 2023; 210(6): 888–98. https://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003700Bearrick E.N., Husmann D.A. Screening for Zinner syndrome in patients with a congenitally solitary kidney: lessons learned. J. Urol. 2023; 210(6): 888–98. https://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003700Сибирская Е.В., Караченцова И.В., Панасенко Т.С. Синдром Майе­ра–Рокитанского–Кюстера–Хаузера. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2022; 18(24): 38–42. https://doi.org/10.33978/2307-3586-2022-18-24-38-42 https://elibrary.ru/erdowaSibirskaya E.V., Karachentsova I.V., Panasenko T.S. Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome. Effektivnaya farmakoterapiya. 2022; 18(24): 38–42. https://doi.org/10.33978/2307-3586-2022-18-24-38-42 https://elibrary.ru/erdowa (in Russian)Liszewska-Kapłon M., Strózik M., Kotarski Ł., Bagłaj M., Hirnle L. Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome as an interdisciplinary problem. Adv. Clin. Exp. Med. 2020; 29(4): 505–11. https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/118850Liszewska-Kapłon M., Strózik M., Kotarski Ł., Bagłaj M., Hirnle L. Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome as an interdisciplinary problem. Adv. Clin. Exp. Med. 2020; 29(4): 505–11. https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/118850

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.