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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rosped</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский педиатрический журнал имени М.Я. Студеникина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>M.Ya. Studenikin Russian Pediatric Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><publisher><publisher-name>ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46563/1560-9561-2024-27-3-161-167</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">vjvlht</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rosped-705</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние NO-генерирующих соединений на содержание аденозинтрифосфата в лимфоцитах и связи с уровнями аутоантител к рецепторам глутамата у детей, перенёсших черепно-мозговую травму</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The effect of NO-generating compounds on the lymphocytes’ ATP content and the relationship with the levels of autoantibodies to glutamate receptors in children who have suffered a traumatic brain injury</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5046-0377</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокина</surname><given-names>Елена Геннадьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokina</surname><given-names>Elena G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, вед. специалист методического отдела, ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</p><p>e-mail: sorokelena@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, leading researcher, Methodical department of the National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: sorokelena@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sorokelena@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5046-0377</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Реутов</surname><given-names>Валентин Палладиевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reutov</surname><given-names>Valentin P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, вед. науч. сотр., ФГБУН «Институт высшей нервной деятельности и нейрофизиологии РАН»</p><p>e-mail: valentinreutov@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">valentinreutov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9418-4418</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карасева</surname><given-names>Ольга Витальевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karaseva</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, руководитель отдела сочетанной травмы, анестезиологии-реанимации ГБУЗ г. Москвы «НИИ неотложной детской хирургии и травматологии» ДЗ города Москвы</p><p>e-mail: karaseva.o@list.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karaseva.o@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2018-050X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенова</surname><given-names>Жанна Борисовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>Zhanna B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, проф., рук. отделения нейротравмы, ГБУЗ г. Москвы «НИИ неотложной детской хирургии и травматологии» ДЗ города Москвы</p><p>e-mail: jseman@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jseman@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2018-050X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пинелис</surname><given-names>Всеволод Григорьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pinelis</surname><given-names>Vsevolod G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, проф., гл. науч. сотр., ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России, Москва</p><p>e-mail: pinelis@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pinelis@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4679-0533</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>Иван Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>Ivan E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, проф., нач. методического отдела ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</p><p>e-mail: smirnov@nczd.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">smirnov@nczd.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2797-3270</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакаева</surname><given-names>Занда Валерьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakaeva</surname><given-names>Zanda V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, вед. науч. сотр., лаб. нейробиологии и основ развития мозга ФГАУ «НМИЦ здоровья детей» Минздрава России</p><p>e-mail: bakaeva_z@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bakaeva_z@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт высшей нервной деятельности и нейрофизиологии РАН»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ г. Москвы «НИИ неотложной детской хирургии и травматологии» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>161</fpage><lpage>167</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сорокина Е.Г., Реутов В.П., Карасева О.В., Семенова Ж.Б., Пинелис В.Г., Смирнов И.Е., Бакаева З.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сорокина Е.Г., Реутов В.П., Карасева О.В., Семенова Ж.Б., Пинелис В.Г., Смирнов И.Е., Бакаева З.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sorokina E.G., Reutov V.P., Karaseva O.V., Semenova Z.B., Pinelis V.G., Smirnov I.E., Bakaeva Z.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rosped.ru/jour/article/view/705">https://www.rosped.ru/jour/article/view/705</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Воспаление и активация иммунной системы являются основной причиной вторичных повреждений при черепно-мозговой травме (ЧМТ). Учитывая центральную роль оксида азота (NO) в нейрональном Glu-каскаде со значительными изменениями содержания аденозинтрифосфата (АТФ) в нейронах, а также наличие GluRc NMDA-типа в лимфоцитах, актуальным является определение воздействия NO на содержание АТФ в лимфоцитах.</p><p>Цель работы — определить влияние различных концентраций NO-генерирующих соединений (NaNO2 и S-нитрозоцистеин) на содержание внутри- (вкАТФ) и экстраклеточного АТФ в лимфоцитах человека и установить связи образующегося при ЧМТ NO с инициацией аутоиммунных процессов у детей с ЧМТ различной тяжести.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для анализа использовали образцы крови 36 детей, перенёсших ЧМТ. Лимфоциты выделяли в градиенте фиколла по стандартной методике. Определение концентрации АТФ в трис-ацетатном буфере (pH 7,76) проводили на люминометре «Lucy-1» с помощью люциферин-люциферазы («Promega»). Концентрацию АТФ выражали в нмоль/мг белка, который определяли методом Брэдфорда с помощью наборов «Fluka».</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что увеличение уровня АТФ в лимфоцитах сразу после ЧМТ является положительным фактором, отражающим активацию лимфоцитов. При этом более высокий уровень аутоантител к GluRc сразу после тяжёлой ЧМТ является благоприятным признаком для исхода ЧМТ и совпадает с повышением вкАТФ в лимфоцитах. Продолжительная отрицательная динамика содержания АТФ в лимфоцитах с аналогичными изменениями концентраций АТФ в сыворотке крови при тяжёлых ЧМТ является показателем неблагоприятного исхода тяжёлой ЧМТ у детей.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Умеренное повышении NO в крови сразу после ЧМТ способствует повышению вкАТФ в лимфоцитах и аутоантител к GluRc, что активирует иммунный ответ и защищает мозг от гипоксических повреждений.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов:Сорокина Е.Г., Реутов В.П., Семенова Ж.Б. — концепция и дизайн исследования, статистическая обработка, написание текста;Сорокина Е.Г., Карасева О.В., Семенова Ж.Б., Бакаева З.В., Пинелис В.Г. — сбор и обработка материала;Смирнов И.Е. — редактирование.Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов. </p></sec><sec><title>Поступила 31</title><p>Поступила 31.05.2024Принята к печати 11.06.2024Опубликована 12.07.2024</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Inflammation and activation of the immune system are the main cause of secondary injuries in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Given the central role of nitric oxide (NO) in the neuronal Glu cascade with significant changes in the content of ATP in neurons, as well as the presence of GluRc NMDA-type in lymphocytes, it is relevant to determine the effect of NO on the lymphocytes’ adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content.</p><p>The aim of the work was to determine the effect of different concentrations of NO-generating compounds (NaNO2 and S-nitrosocysteine) on the content of intra- (hcATP) and extracellular ATP (ecATP) in human lymphocytes and to establish links between NO formed during TBI and the initiation of autoimmune processes in children with TBI of varying severity.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Blood samples from 36 TBI children were used for analysis. Lymphocytes were isolated in a ficol gradient according to a standard procedure. The ATP concentration in the tris-acetate buffer (pH 7.76) was determined on a Lucy-1 luminometer using luciferin luciferase (Promega). The ATP concentration was expressed in nmol/mg of protein, which was determined by the Bradford method using Fluka kits.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. An increase in the level of ATP in lymphocytes immediately after TBI was found to be a positive factor reflecting the activation of lymphocytes. At the same time, a higher level of autontibodies (aAT) to GluRc immediately after severe TBI is a favourable sign for the TBI outcome and coincides with an increase in CGAP in lymphocytes. Prolonged negative trend in ATP content in lymphocytes with similar changes in serum ATP concentrations in severe TBI is an indicator of an unfavourable outcome of severe TBI in children.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. A moderate increase in NO in the blood immediately after TBI contributes to an increase in CGAP in lymphocytes and aAT to GluRc, which activates the immune response and protects the brain from hypoxic damage.</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution:Sorokina E.G., Reutov V.P., Semenova Zh.B. — the concept and design of the study;Sorokina E.G., Karaseva O.V., Semenova Zh.B., Bakaeva Z.V., Pinelis V.G. — collection and processing of the material;Sorokina E.G., Reutov V.P. — statistical processing and writing the text;Smirnov I.E. — editing the text.All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgment</title><p>Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: May 31, 2024Accepted: June 11, 2024Published: July 12, 2024</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аденозинтрифосфат</kwd><kwd>лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>оксид азота</kwd><kwd>аутоантитела</kwd><kwd>рецепторы глутамата</kwd><kwd>S100b</kwd><kwd>черепно-мозговая травма</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ATP in lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>the effect of nitric oxide</kwd><kwd>autoantibodies</kwd><kwd>glutamate receptors</kwd><kwd>S100b</kwd><kwd>traumatic brain injury</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Plesnila N. The immune system in traumatic brain injury. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 2016; 26: 110–7. https://doi.org10.1016/j.coph.2015.10.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plesnila N. 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