Diagnostic features and management algorithm for children with dyslipidemia

Introduction. Lipid metabolism disorders play a key role in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Hyperlipidemia, which occurred in childhood, continues to progress over adulthood, contributing to the development of atherosclerosis. The lack of screening for the lipid profile, clinical manifestations and low alertness of pediatricians, lead to late detection of this pathology and minimize the possibility of using a set of preventive measures. The aim of the review is to determine the features of the diagnosis of lipid metabolism disorders for the development of an algorithm for managing children with dyslipidemia. The material for the analysis was scientific reports selected in the MedLine, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases from 1980 to 2025. An effective way to diagnose dyslipidemia is screening, which should be performed at the age of 9–11 years and 17–21 years. Dyslipidemia is diagnosed when changes in two lipid profiles are detected. It is necessary to exclude primary hypercholesterolemia, which has an unfavourable course. Risk factors for atherosclerosis and early vascular diseases are analyzed to determine management tactics. The main method of correcting lipid metabolism disorders in children is lifestyle modification. In the absence of an effect, statins are indicated, which are the drug of choice in all developed countries. The efficacy and safety of long-term use of statins in children has been demonstrated. Early diagnosis and timely initiation of treatment of hyperlipidemia in children play a significant role in reducing the risk of atherosclerotic diseases over the old age.

Contribution:
Krutova A.V. — concept and design of the study;
Krutova A.V., Mukhortykh V.A., Miroshnichenko A.S., Stolyarova S.A. — collection and processing of the material;
Krutova A.V. — writing the text;
Zyabkin I.V. — editing the text.
All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: February 11, 2025
Accepted: March 18, 2025
Published: April 29, 2025

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