Комплексный подход к профилактике и лечению детского ожирения

За последние полвека наблюдается неуклонный рост новых случаев детского ожирения, который достиг масштабов неинфекционной эпидемии, особенно в развитых странах. Во всём мире обсуждаются причины такой динамики. В связи с развитием коморбидной патологии, приводящей к инвалидизации и росту случаев преждевременной смерти, перед медицинским сообществом возникает множество задач по профилактике, ранней диагностике и лечению ожирения.

Цель обзора: определить научно обоснованные подходы к профилактике и лечению ожирения у детей.

Осуществлён поиск литературы в базах данных PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google, eLIBRARY.RU, глубина поиска — 10 лет. Избыточная масса тела и ожирение регистрируются в 25,3% случаев, чаще у детей в возрасте 8–19 лет. Меры по борьбе с избыточным весом и ожирением у детей разрабатываются с учётом генетических, биологических, психологических, поведенческих, межличностных факторов, а также влияния окружающей среды. Описаны концептуальные модели, объясняющие механизмы формирования избыточной массы тела и ожирения у детей, которые учитываются при составлении рекомендаций по внедрению здоровых привычек и правильного образа жизни: биопсихосоциальная, каскадная модели, теория экологических систем, модель «6 С». Эти модели могут быть использованы для разработки эффективных персонализированных программ профилактики набора избыточного веса. Для борьбы с эпидемией детского ожирения необходимо применять комплексный подход, включающий профилактику, раннюю диагностику и лечение, а также внедрение программ, направленных на изменение образа жизни детей и их семей. Уменьшение заболеваемости и предотвращение инвалидности требуют действий на всех уровнях: от семей до государственных программ здравоохранения.

Участие авторов:
Фисенко А.П., Макарова С.Г. — концепция и дизайн исследования;
Дубовицкая Т.А., Пронина И.Ю., Лебедева А.М., Гордеева И.Г. — сбор и обработка материала;
Макарова С.Г. — написание текста;
Фисенко А.П. — редактирование.
Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Финансирование. Исследование не имело финансовой поддержки.

Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Поступила 15.01.2025
Принята к печати 30.01.2025
Опубликована 28.02.2025

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