Gigantomastia in Adolescent Girls: Clinical Diagnostic Features, Surgical Treatment

Gigantomastia in adolescence is a serious clinical problem that requires an interdisciplinary approach. The lack of clear etiopathogenetic criteria and predictors of recurrence makes it difficult to choose the optimal surgical approach to minimize complications and achieve a stable functional and aesthetic result. The aim of this review is to analyze current knowledge about the etiopathogenesis, classification, and surgical management of gigantomastia in adolescent girls to integrate this knowledge into clinical practice. The literature search for this literature review was conducted in the databases PubMed, eLibrary, Google Scholar, Embase, Сochrane library. The were found and analyzed three hundred forty seven sources. Literature route has shown that gigantomastia in adolescent girls is a polyetiological condition. The most studied theories of pathogenesis include hypersensitivity of target tissues to estrogens, as well as autoimmune mechanisms. In some cases, a link has been established with the use of medications. The clinical picture i s characterized by rapid, often bilateral, growth of the mammary glands, leading to physical and psychosocial disturbances. Conservative therapy is generally ineffective. Surgical reduction mammoplasty remains the method of choice, but there is no consensus on the optimal extent of resection or the type of surgery, and subcutaneous mastectomy is often used to prevent recurrence.
Despite its relative rarity, gigantomastia in adolescent girls is a clinically significant condition that radically reduces the quality of life. The rapid progression of the disease, the uncertainty of its pathogenic mechanisms, the variability of surgical approaches, and the risk of recurrence after surgery necessitate an in-depth analysis of existing diagnostic and treatment strategies.

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