Vaccination coverage of children against hepatitis B: experience of the vaccination department of children with health disorders and family vaccination

Background. Hepatitis B virus infection is among the top ten causes of death worldwide. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent this infection. According to international recommendations disrupted vaccination schedule against hepatitis B virus infection does not require a «restart» of the course of immunization, and an increase in the interval between doses of the vaccine does not affect or even increases the final titer of protective antibodies. At the same time, the frequent untimely vaccination of children, which significantly increases the risk of hepatitis B virus infection is an urgent problem for our country.
The aim of the study was to assess the coverage of vaccination against hepatitis B virus infection in children by the example of the experience of the department of vaccination of children with health disorders and family vaccination.
Materials and methods. The analysis of the department’s statistics included data from the outpatient medical records of nine hundred ninety eight children aged of from 1 month to 17 years 11 months: 769 children — in 2020, 229 children — in 2021.
Results. There were no statistically significant differences in terms of complete timely vaccination against hepatitis B virus infection between the two analyzed years: 48.9% of children were vaccinated in 2020 according to the National schedule, 49.2% of children were vaccinated in 2021 (p = 0.94). In general, children with chronic diseases were vaccinated significantly earlier than healthy children at the time of the second (p = 0.014) and third (p = 0.008) administration of the vaccine. Children with chronic diseases in 2021 were significantly more likely to comply with the hepatitis B vaccination scheme than healthy (p = 0.0041).
Conclusion. Reducing the coverage of timely vaccination in children increases the risk of outbreaks of vaccine-controlled infections and is an urgent problem for our country. In this regard, it is necessary to intensify the monitoring of immunization of both healthy children and patients with chronic diseases.

hepatitis B, children, vaccination, vaccination schedule

1. Kew M.C. Hepatitis B virus. Human immunodeficiency virus co-infection and its hepatocarcinogenic potential in sub-Saharan Black Africans. Hepat. Mon. 2012; 12: e7876. https://doi.org/10.5812/hepatmon.7876

2. Zhou Y.H. Global prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2018; 3(9): 598. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(18)30176-6

3. Schillie S., Vellozzi C., Reingold A., Harris A., Haber P., Ward J.W., et al. Prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Recommendations and Reports. 2018; 67(1): 1–31. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr6701a1

4. Zhao H., Zhou Y.H. Revaccination against hepatitis B in late teenagers who received vaccination during infancy: Yes or no? Hum. Vaccin. Immunother. 2018; 14(2): 456–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2017.1397243

5. Бучкова Т.Н., Зрячкин Н.И., Поляков К.А., Чеботарева Г.И. Причины несвоевременной вакцинации против гепатита В. Детские инфекции. 2012; 11(3): 36–8. https://elibrary.ru/pcsawr

6. Дмитриев А.В., Федина Н.В., Гудков Р.А., Петрова В.И., Заплатников А.Л. Региональные аспекты вакцинопрофилактики в условиях пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19. РМЖ. 2021; 29(6): 5–8. https://elibrary.ru/tsrgnc

7. Mohanty P. Jena P., Patnaik L. Vaccination against Hepatitis B: A scoping review. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 2020; 21(12): 3453–9. https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.12.3453

8. Гирина А.А., Петровский Ф.И., Заплатников А.Л. Приверженность врачей-педиатров иммунопрофилактике инфекционных болезней: современное состояние проблемы. РМЖ. Мать и дитя. 2020; 3(4): 290–4. https://doi.org/10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-4-290-294 https://elibrary.ru/cgnlps

9. Дмитриев А.В., Федина Н.В., Ткаченко Т.Г., Гудков Р.А., Петрова В.И., Филимонова Т.А. Приверженность вакцинации различных слоев населения: результаты анкетирования. Детские инфекции. 2019; 18(4): 32–7. https://doi.org/10.22627/2072-8107-2019-18-4-32-37 https://elibrary.ru/jcoemv

10. Галицкая М.Г., Фисенко А.П., Таточенко В.К., Макарова С.Г., Давыдова И.В., Курдуп М.К. и др. Вакцинопрофилактика и её противники в современном мире. Российский педиатрический журнал. 2021; 24(6): 424–32. https://doi.org/10.46563/1560-9561-2021-24-6-424-432 https://elibrary.ru/nbwmub

11. Ясаков Д.С., Ткаченко Н.Е., Фисенко А.П., Макарова С.Г., Вершинина М.Г., Алябьева Н.М. Иммунологическая эффективность вакцинации против гепатита В при нарушениях графика вакцинации здоровых детей и больных с хроническими формами патологии. Российский педиатрический журнал. 2021; 24(3): 163–7. https://doi.org/10.46563/1560-9561-2021-24-3-163-167 https://elibrary.ru/fgafss